Animal Energetics - Brafield, Alan E.

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Sommaire:
1. Energy and Energetics.- 1.1 Entropy, free energy and enthalpy.- 1.2 Work and heat.- 1.3 The study of energetics.- 2. The Energy Budget.- 2.1 The thermodynamic basis of the energy budget.- 2.2 Energy budget of an individual.- 2.3 Energy budget of a population.- 2.4 Energy flow in the ecosystem.- 2.5 The energy budget as a basis for the study of animal energetics.- 3. Energy Intake.- 3.1 The energy available to animals.- 3.2 Regulation of energy intake.- 3.3 Maintenance rations.- 3.4 Specific dynamic action.- 3.5 Bomb calorimetry.- 4. Energy Transformations within the Body.- 4.1 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).- 4.2 Production of ATP.- 4.3 Muscle contraction.- 4.4 Biosynthesis.- 4.5 Active transport.- 5. Respiratory Rate and the Rate of Heat Loss.- 5.1 Direct and indirect calorimetry.- 5.2 Muscular activity and the energy cost of locomotion.- 5.3 Other sources of heat.- 5.4 Thermoregulation.- 6. Production.- 6.1 The energy cost of growth.- 6.2 Control of animal growth.- 6.3 The partitioning of energy between growth and reproduction.- 6.4 Strategies of reproduction.- 6.5 Growth and reproduction rates.- 6.6 The prediction of production from respiration and biomass data.- 7. Energy of Waste Products.- 7.1 Faeces.- 7.2 Urine.- 8. Energetics of Individuals and Populations.- 8.1 Energy budgets for individual animals.- 8.2 Energetic efficiencies.- 8.3 Production and consumption.- 8.4 Energy efficiency of an individual animal.- 8.5 Energy efficiency of a population.- 8.6 The construction and ecological value of population energy budgets.- 9. Ecosystem Energetics.- 9.1 Ecosystem energy models.- 9.2 Ecosystem efficiency.- 9.3 Lindeman's study of Cedar Bog Lake.- 9.4 The energetics of Cone Spring.- 9.5 The transfer of energy between trophic levels.- 9.6 Changes in ecologicalenergy efficiencies at different trophic levels.- 10. Energy and Food Production.- 10.1 Energy and nutritional requirements of man.- 10.2 The energetics of grain production.- 10.3 The energetics of milk production.- 10.4 The energetics of fisheries.- 10.5 The overall energy efficiency of intensive agriculture.- References.