Practical Absorption Spectrometry - Knowles, A.

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Sommaire:
1 Absorption spectrometry.- 1.1 Absorption spectrometry in the ultraviolet and visible regions.- 1.2 The ultraviolet and visible spectrum.- 1.3 The absorption of radiation.- 1.4 Molecular structure and absorption spectra.- 1.5 Quantitative absorption spectrometry.- 1.6 Measurement of absorption spectra.- References.- 2 Spectrometer design.- 2.1 Types of instrument.- 2.2 Basic arrangement of optical components.- 2.3 Single- and double-beam instruments.- References.- 3 Light sources and optical components.- 3.1 Sources for the UV region.- 3.2 Sources for the visible region.- 3.3 New sources.- 3.4 Lenses and mirrors.- References.- 4 Monochromators.- 4.1 Prisms.- 4.2 Gratings.- 4.3 Monochromator design.- 4.4 Double monochromators.- 4.5 Second-order and stray-light filters.- 4.6 Slits and slit mechanisms.- 4.7 Bandwidth.- 4.8 Monochromator drive mechanisms.- 4.9 Filter instruments.- References.- 5 Detectors.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Vacuum tube detectors.- 5.3 Solid-state detectors.- 5.4 Summary.- 6 Instrument signal processing.- 6.1 Amplifiers.- 6.2 Single-beam instruments.- 6.3 Double-beam instruments.- 6.4 Microprocessor-based instruments.- 6.5 Recorders.- 6.6 Updating early instruments.- References.- 7 Interfacing techniques.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The IEEE488 interface.- 7.3 The serial interface.- 7.4 The BCD interface.- 7.5 Conclusions.- References.- 8 Cells and cell holders.- 8.1 Types of cell.- 8.2 Choice of a cell.- 8.3 Cell holders and sample compartments.- References.- 9 Measuring the spectrum.- 9.1 Choice of solvent.- 9.2 Making a solution.- 9.3 The cell.- 9.4 Making the measurement.- 9.5 Problems and pitfalls.- 9.6 Cell cleaning.- 9.7 Accuracy and precision in absorbance measurement.- 9.8 Difficult samples.- References.- 10 Numerical methods of data analysis.- 10.1 Baseline corrections.- 10.2 Data smoothing.- 10.3 Multicomponent analysis.- 10.4 Matrix rank analysis.- 10.5 Spectral stripping and related techniques.- References.- 11 Special techniques.- 11.1 Derivative spectroscopy.- 11.2 Difference spectroscopy.- 11.3 Dual-wavelength spectroscopy.- 11.4 Densitometry.- References.- 12 Automated sample handling.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Air-segmented continuous-flow systems.- 12.3 Flow injection analysis.- 12.4 Other CF techniques.- References.- 13 The maintenance of instruments.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Environmental and safety considerations.- 13.3 Routine checks.- 13.4 Simple fault finding.- 13.5 Cleaning optical components and lamps.- References.- Appendices A. Knowles and M. A. Russell.- A1 Solvent characteristics.- A2 Transmission of window materials.- A3 Wavelength standards.