Valency - Brown, R. D.

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Sommaire:
1 Introduction.- SI Units.- Derived SI Units.- Prefixes for Fractions and Multiples of SI Units.- Units Contrary to SI.- Energy Units in Valency.- Classical Forms of Energy.- Problems.- 2 Gross Atomic Structure.- The Early Clues.- The Rutherford Experiment.- Discovery of the Neutron and Periodic Classification of the Elements.- Problems.- 3 Atomic Theory.- Two Spanners in the Works.- Dual Nature of Light and Matter.- The Spectrum of Atomic Hydrogen.- The Bohr Theory of Atomic Structure.- Stationary States Confirmed.- The Demise of the Bohr Theory.- The Standing Waves of a Vibrating Guitar String.- The Standing Waves of a Vibrating Drum Head.- A Wavelike Equation Applied to Matter.- Solutions to Schroedinger's Wave Equation.- The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.- Quantum-mechanical Hydrogen Atom.- The Ground State of the Hydrogen Atom.- Other One-electron Atoms.- Summary.- Problems.- 4 Many-electron Atoms.- Experiments Leading to Determination of Energies of Electrons in Atoms.- Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle.- Energy Levels of Many-electron Atoms.- The Periodic Table.- Trends in Ionization Potential.- Electron Configurations of Doubly Charged First-transition-series Ions.- Atomic Size.- Electron Affinities.- Summary.- Problems.- 5 Molecular Theory and Chemical Bonds.- Energy Changes and the Chemical Bond.- Valency and Quantum Mechanics.- Combinations of Atomic Ions.- Ion Clusters.- Review of Ionic Bonding.- The Covalent Bond.- The Virial Theorem and Molecular Stability.- The Forces in H2/+.- The Molecular Orbitals 1s? and 1s?*.- The Molecules H2/+, H2, He2/+, and He2.- The Molecular Orbitals 2s?, 2s?*, 2pz?, 2pz?*, 2px?, 2px?*, 2py?, and 2py?*.- Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules.- Experimentally Measurable Molecular Parameters.- Electron Sharing andthe Completed Valence-shell Principle.- Resonance.- Geometric Distribution of Bonds in Space.- Valence-bond Theory and Valence States.- Hybridization.- Delocalized Molecular Orbitals.- ?- and ?-Molecular Orbitals in Polyatomic Molecules.- Crystal-field Theory.- Crystal Fields, Spectra, and Magnetic Properties.- Van der Waals Forces.- Hydrogen Bonds.- Summary.- Problems.- 6 The Solid State.- Ionic Solids.- Metals.- Molecular Crystals.- Covalent Solids.- Crystal Structures.- Close-packed Structures.- The Equivalence of CCP and FCC Unit Cell.- The Unit Cell of HCP.- Sites in Close-Packed Structures.- Body-centered Cubic Lattice.- The Diamond Lattice.- Structures of Elements and Compounds.- The Elements.- Ionic Crystals.- Radius Ratio and Crystal Structures.- Covalent Solids.- Molecular Lattices.- A Biological Macromolecule, DNA.- Problems.- 7 Experimental Methods of Valency.- Spectroscopic Methods.- Microwave Spectroscopy.- Infrared Spectroscopy.- Visible-ultraviolet Spectroscopy.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Mass Spectroscopy.- Diffraction Techniques.- Problems.- Appendix I: Angular Momentum and the Bohr Atom.- Appendix II: Spherical Polar Coordinates.- Appendix III: Atomic Orbitals and Magnetic Quantum Numbers.