Power Transmission by Direct Current - Uhlmann, E.

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Sommaire:
1. Introduction.- A. Theory of Converters and Transmission Systems.- I. Converters without Reactance on the Alternating Current Side.- 2. Converter Circuits.- 3. Voltage and Current Wave Forms.- 3.1 Direct Voltage Wave Form.- 3.2 Valve Voltage Wave Form.- 3.3 Network Current Wave Form.- 4. Converter Performance under Special Conditions.- 4.1 Network Current Asymmetry.- 4.2 Direct Current Harmonics.- 4.3 Network Voltage Asymmetry.- 4.4 Amplitude Rectification.- 4.5 Direct Current Wave Form.- 4.6 Energisation and De-energisation of Valve Bridges.- 4.7 Abnormal Valve Bridge Behaviour.- 4.8 Special Control Methods.- II. Converters with Reactance on the Alternating Current Side.- 5. Commutation Process.- 5.1 Overlap Angle.- 5.2 Direct Voltage Drop.- 5.3 Power and Reactive Power.- 5.4 Harmonics.- 5.5 Transient Processes due to Commutation.- 6. Characteristics.- 6.1 Rectifier Bridge Characteristics.- 6.2 Inverter Bridge Characteristics.- 6.3 12-pulse Converter Characteristics.- 6.4 Effect of Network Reactances.- 7. Overcurrents.- 7.1 Short-Circuit Current of the Rectifier.- 7.2 Arc-Back Currents.- 7.3 Short-Circuit Currents in Inverters.- 8. Converter Performance under Special Conditions.- 8.1 Asymmetrical Network Voltages.- 8.2 Forced Commutation.- III. Direct Current Transmission Links.- 9. Basic Aspects of Direct Current Transmission.- 10. Control of the Direct Current Transmission Link.- 10.1 Current Control.- 10.2 Higher-Level Control System.- 10.3 Stabilisation of Alternating Current Networks.- 11. Multi-Terminal Transmission Links.- 11.1 Connection Arrangements.- 11.2 Breakers in Direct Current Networks.- 12. Models.- B. Elements of the Direct Current Transmission Link.- IV. Direct Current Side.- 13. Overhead Lines.- 13.1 Transmission Line Systems.- 13.2 Dimensioning of Overhead Transmission Lines.- 13.3 Corona Effects.- 13.4 Transmission Line Insulation.- 13.5 Ground Faults on Direct Current Transmission Lines.- 13.6 Harmonics on Direct Current Lines.- 13.7 Line-End Protection.- 14. Direct Current Cables.- 14.1 Dimensioning of Direct Current Cables.- 14.2 Leakage Currents.- 14.3 Overvoltages on Cables.- 15. Ground Return.- 15.1 Current Distribution in the Ground.- 15.2 Ground Electrodes.- 15.3 Sea Electrodes.- 15.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ground Return.- 15.5 Electrode Connection to the Converter Station.- 16. Apparatus on the Direct Current Side.- 16.1 Capacitors.- 16.2 Arresters.- 16.3 Direct Current Circuit-Breakers.- V. Converter Stations.- 17. Valves.- 17.1 Mercury-Arc Valves.- 17.2 Thyristor Valves.- 18. Converter Transformers and Direct Current Reactors.- 18.1 Converter Transformers.- 18.2 Direct Current Reactors.- 19. Auxiliary Equipment and Circuits.- 20. Insulation Coordination.- 21. Layout of the Converter Station.- VI. Elements of the Alternating Current Network.- 22. Electrical Machines.- 22.1 Harmonic Load.- 22.2 Speed Control.- 22.3 Rectifier Connection to Power Stations.- 23. Alternating Current Filters.- 23.1 Harmonic Impedance of the Alternating Current Network.- 23.2 Filter Dimensioning.- 23.3 Protection of Filter Elements.- 24. Switching in Alternating Current Networks.- Literature.