RADIOLARIA - ANDERSON O. ROGER

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Résumé :
The study of marine plankton has traditionally focused on those or? ganisms that appeared to have obvious ecological significance in un? derstanding the major patterns of biological productivity, trophic relations, community structure, and the dynamic interaction of living things with the physical environment. Not infrequently, this thrust has centered on the apparently most abundant and/or larger members of the plankton community, including significant primary producers such as the diatoms, nonthecate algae, and flagellates, or the major con? sumers--copepods, gelatinous metazoa, and other abundant metazoan invertebrates. Consequently, some of the less well recognized but also abundant microzooplankton have been given less attention. The radio? laria, although widely studied as fossils by micropaleontologists, have in modem times. This is la? been relatively neglected by biologists mentable given their widespread distribution in the oceans, remarkably complex form, and not infrequently localized abundance. Their diver? sity of form, encompassing solitary species of microscopic dimensions and colonial species as large as several centimeters or more, challenges us to explain their evolutionary origins, explore their structural-func? tional correlates, and comprehend the ecological basis for their wide? spread occurrence in all oceans of the world fromihe greatest depth to the surface of the sea. Their intricate and aesthetically pleasing skeletons of enormous variety and fine-detailed design formed from amorphous silica (opaline glass) offer a unique biomineralized product that defies immediate biological explanation.

Sommaire:
1. Morphology and Systematics.- Comparative Morphology and Taxonomy.- Historical Perspectives on Radiolarian Taxonomy.- Modern Classificatory Systems.- Cytological and Fine Structure Contributions to Radiolarian Systematics.- A Perspective on the Current Status of Radiolarian Systematics.- 2. Radiolarian Fine Structure and Cellular Specialization.- Protozoan Cellular Specialization.- Fine Structure of Solitary Radiolaria.- Fine Structure of Colonial Radiolaria.- Fusule and Capsular Wall Fine Structure.- Host-Symbiont Fine Structure.- Parasitism.- Skeletal Structure and Morphogenesis.- Reproduction.- Fine Structure Synopsis.- 3. Physiology and Ecology.- Trophic Activity and Nutrition.- Intracapsular and Extracapsular Metabolic Differentiation.- Chemical Composition.- Predators.- Bioluminescence.- Symbiosis.- Motility and Cytoplasmic Streaming.- Radiolarian Longevity.- Abundance and Geographical Distribution.- General Ecological Perspectives.- 4. Paleoecology and Evolution.- Radiolaria in Geological Time.- Toward More Comprehensive Paleoecological Models.- Evolution.- A Perspective on Phylogeny, Ecology, and Biological Variability.- References.