Ion Exchange in Environmental Processes - Arup K SenGupta

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Auteur(s) : Arup K SenGupta

Editeur : John Wiley & Sons

Langue : Anglais

Parution : 01/09/2017

Format : Moyen, de 350g à 1kg

Nombre de pages : 496

Expédition : 1009

Dimensions : 26.1 x 18.2 x 3.2

ISBN : 1119157390

Résumé :

Provides a comprehensive introduction to ion exchange for beginners and in-depth coverage of the latest advances for those already in the field

As environmental and energy related regulations have grown, ion exchange has assumed a dominant role in offering solutions to many concurrent problems both in the developed and the developing world. Written by an internationally acknowledged leader in ion exchange research and innovation, Ion Exchange:?in?Environmental Processes is both a comprehensive introduction to the science behind ion exchange and an expert assessment of the latest ion exchange technologies. Its purpose is to provide a valuable reference and learning tool for virtually anyone working in ion exchange or interested in becoming involved in that incredibly fertile field.

Written for beginners as well as those already working the in the field, Dr. SenGupta provides stepwise coverage, advancing from ion exchange fundamentals to trace ion exchange through the emerging area of hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology (or polymeric/inorganic ion exchangers). Other topics covered include ion exchange kinetics, sorption and desorption of metals and ligands, solid-phase and gas-phase ion exchange, and more.

• Connects state-of-the-art innovations in such a way as to help researchers and process scientists get a clear picture of how ion exchange fundamentals can lead to new applications
• Covers the design of selective or smart ion exchangers for targeted applications-an area of increasing importance-including solid and gas phase ion exchange processes
• Provides in-depth discussion on intraparticle diffusion controlled kinetics for selective ion exchange
• Features a chapter devoted to exciting developments in the areas of hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology or polymeric/inorganic ion exchangers

Written for those just entering the field of ion exchange as well as those involved in developing the next big thing in ion exchange systems, Ion Exchange in Environmental Processes is a valuable resource for students, process engineers, and chemists working in an array of industries, including mining, microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, energy, and wastewater treatment, to name just a few.

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Biographie:

Arup K. SenGupta, PhD is the P.C. Rossin Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering at Lehigh University. Over the last 35 years he has studied, learned, taught and conducted extensive research into nearly every facet of ion exchange. Dr. SenGupta is recognized as the inventor of hybrid ion exchange nanotechnology (HIX-Nano) that offers enhanced separation through the Donnan Membrane Principle. HIX-Nano materials are currently in use in six different countries including the USA to remove arsenic, fluoride and phosphate from contaminated water and waste water. In 2004, Dr. SenGupta received the International Ion Exchange Award at Cambridge University in England. He was the North American Editor of the Reactive and Functionalized Polymers Journal from 1996-2006....

Sommaire:

Preface xiii

Acknowledgment xvii

1 Ion Exchange and Ion Exchangers: An Introduction 1

1.1 Historical Perspective 1

1.2 Water and Ion Exchange: An Eternal Kinship 6

1.3 Constituents of an Ion Exchanger 9

1.4 What is Ion Exchange and What it is Not? 10

1.5 Genesis of Ion Exchange Capacity 12

1.5.1 Inorganic 12

1.5.2 Organic/Polymeric Ion Exchanger 13

1.5.3 Strong-Base Type I and Type II Anion Exchanger 20

1.6 Biosorbent, Liquid Ion Exchanger, and Solvent Impregnated Resin 23

1.6.1 Biosorbent 23

1.6.2 Liquid Ion Exchange 25

1.6.3 Solvent-Impregnated Resins 27

1.7 Amphoteric Inorganic Ion Exchangers 28

1.8 Ion Exchanger versus Activated Carbon: Commonalities and Contrasts 33

1.9 Ion Exchanger Morphologies 34

1.10 Widely Used Ion Exchange Processes 34

1.10.1 Softening 35

1.10.2 Deionization or Demineralization 40

Summary 44

References 45

2 Ion Exchange Fundamentals 50

2.1 Physical Realities 50

2.2 Swelling/Shrinking: Ion Exchange Osmosis 51

2.3 Ion Exchange Equilibrium 55

2.3.1 Genesis of Non-Ideality 57

2.4 Other Equilibrium Constants and Equilibrium Parameters 59

2.4.1 Corrected Selectivity Coefficient 59

2.4.2 Selectivity Coefficient, K IX se 60

2.4.3 Separation Factor (? A B) 60

2.4.4 Separation Factor: Homovalent Ion Exchange 61

2.4.5 Separation Factor: Heterovalent Exchange 62

2.4.6 Physical Reality of Selectivity Reversal: Role of Le Ch?telier's Principle 65

2.4.7 Equilibrium Constant: Inconsistencies and Potential Pitfalls 66

2.5 Electrostatic Interaction: Genesis of Counterion Selectivity 69

2.5.1 Monovalent-Monovalent Coulombic Interaction 69

2.6 Ion Exchange Capacity: Isotherms 73

2.6.1 Batch Technique 75

2.6.2 Regenerable Mini-Column Method 79

2.6.3 Step-Feed Frontal Column Run 81

2.7 The Donnan Membrane Effect in Ion Exchanger 84

2.7.1 Coion Invasion or Electrolyte Penetration 84

2.7.2 Role of Cross-linking 90

2.7.3 Genesis of the Donnan Potential 90

2.8 Weak-Acid and Weak-Base Ion Exchange Resins 92

2.8.1 pKa Values of Weak Ion Exchange Resins 94

2.8.2 Weak-Acid and Weak-Base Functional Groups 96

2.9 Regeneration 98

2.9.1 Selectivity Reversal in Heterovalent Ion Exchange 100

2.9.2 pH Swings 101

2.9.3 Ligand Exchange with Metal Oxides 105

2.9.4 Use of Co-Solvent 106

2.9.5 Dual-Temperature Regeneration 108

2.9.6 Carbon Dioxide Regeneration 111

2.9.7 Regeneration with Water 112

2.10 Resin Degradation and Trace Toxin Formation 112

2.10.1 Formation of Trace Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from Resin Degradation 114

2.11 Ion Exclusion and Ion Retardation 115

2.11.1 Ion Exclusion 115

2.11.2 Ion Retardation 116

2.12 Zwitterion and Amino Acid Sorption 118

2.12.1 Interaction with a Cation Exchanger: Role of pH 119

2.13 Solution Osmotic Pressure and Ion Exchange 121

2.14 Ion Exchanger as a Catalyst 124

Summary 126

References 127

3 Trace Ion Exchange 130

3.1 Genesis of Selectivity 130

3.2 Trace Isotherms 136

3.3 Multi-Component Equilibrium 138

3.4 Agreement with Henry's Law 140

3.5 Multiple Trace Species: Genesis of Elution Chromatography 143

3.5.1 Determining Separation Factor from Elution Chromatogram 143

3.6 Uphill Transport of Trace Ions: Donnan Membrane Effect 149

3.7 Trace Leakage 151

3.8 Trace Fouling by Natural Organic Matter 153

3.9 Ion Exchange Accompanied by Chemical ...