Ethics: The Basics, 2nd Edition - John Mizzoni

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Résumé :

Ethics Self?-Orientation ix

Introduction 1

Summary of?Philosophical Problems about Ethics 6

1 Relative Ethics or Universal Ethics? 8

1.1 Relative Ethics 9

1.2 Universal Ethics 10

1.3 Cultural Relativism or Ethical Relativism? 11

1.4 Cultural Relativism and?Universal Ethics 12

1.5 Ethics and?Human Nature 13

1.6 Ethics and?Human Rationality 14

1.7 Relative Ethics or Universal Ethics? 15

1.8 Conclusion 17

Concepts, Theories, and?Traditions Introduced in?Chapter?1 18

For Further Reading 19

Online Resources 19

Review Questions 20

Discussion Questions 20

2 Virtue Ethics 22

2.1 What Are Virtues? 24

2.2 Aristotle, Happiness, and?the?Virtues 27

2.3 A Developmental Model 28

2.4 Universalism and?Relativism Again 31

2.5 Virtue Ethics: A?Guide to?Good Behavior 33

2.6 Pros and?Cons of?Virtue Ethics 35

2.7 Conclusion 37

Concepts, Principles, Theories, and?Traditions Introduced in?Chapter?2 38

For Further Reading 39

Online Resources 40

Review Questions 40

Discussion Questions 40

3 Natural Law Ethics 42

3.1 What Is Natural Law and?Where Does It?Come?From? 43

3.2 The Natural Law and?Universal Ethics 46

3.3 Natural Law Ethics and?Human Nature 46

3.4 Natural Law Ethics and?Virtue Ethics 51

3.5 When Following the?Natural Law Is Unclear: Use?the?Pauline Principle 52

3.6 When Following the?Natural Law Is Unclear: Use?the?Principle of?Double Effect 53

3.7 Conclusion 56

Concepts, Principles, Theories, and?Traditions Introduced in?Chapter?3 58

For Further Reading 59

Online Resources 60

Review Questions 60

Discussion Questions 60

4 Social Contract Ethics 62

4.1 Continuities and?Discontinuities with?Natural Law?Ethics 63

4.2 The Principle of?Self?]Interest (Ethical Egoism) 65

4.3 The State of?Nature 66

4.4 A Contract Involves Cooperation 68

4.5 A Contract Involves Rationality 70

4.6 Common?]sense Morality (Properly Understood) 72

4.7 Social Contract Ethics Applied 74

4.8 Conclusion 77

Concepts, Principles, Theories, and?Traditions Introduced in?Chapter?4 79

For Further Reading 80

Online Resources 80

Review Questions 81

Discussion Questions 81

5 Utilitarian Ethics 82

5.1 Ethics Is Based on?Feelings 83

5.2 Is Ought: Shorthand for?Hume's Theory of?Moral?Sentiments 86

5.3 Feelings, Utility, and?Consequences 88

5.4 Utility and?Happiness 91

5.5 Utilitarianism: Relativist or Universalist? 92

5.6 Utility and?Equality 93

5.7 Utilitarian Applications 95

5.8 Conclusion 98

Concepts, Principles, Theories, and?Traditions Introduced in?Chapter?5 99

For Further Reading 100

Online Resources 101

Review Questions 101

Discussion Questions 102

6 Deontological Ethics 103

6.1 Duty-centered Ethics 105

6.2 Ethics of?Freedom and?Rationality 106

6.3 The Main Deontological Principle: The?Categorical?Imperative 107

6.4 One Form of?the?Categorical Imperative: The?Principle of?Autonomy 110

6.5 Another Form of?the?Categorical Imperative: The?Principle of?Universality 112

6.6 Duties Correlate with?Rights (Usually) 114

6.7 Deontology: Relativist or Universalist? 117

6.8 Deontological Applications 117

6.9 Conclusion 121

Concepts, Principles, Theories, and?Traditions Introduced in?Chapter?6 123

For Further Reading 124

Online Resources 125

Review Questions 125

Discus...

Biographie:

John Mizzoni holds a PhD from Temple University, and is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Neumann college in Pennsylvania where he teaches a wide range of philosophy courses. A specialist in moral and environmental philosophy, he has over twenty publications in journals such The Journal of Philosophical Research, The International Journal of Applied Philosophy, Environmental Ethics, Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, The Philosopher's Magazine, Bridges: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Theology, Philosophy, History, and Science, The International Journal of the Humanities, Teaching Ethics and Environmental Philosophy. He is also a semi-professional musician.