Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes -

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Résumé :
This book provides a unique and comprehensive synopsis of the prevention and early diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. It features articles by key opinion leaders in diabetes from North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region who describe the gravity of the problem and the important issue of screening, including contributions on the perspectives of the International Diabetes Federation and the World Health Organization.

Once patients at risk have been identified, the key issue is to prevent their progression to full-blown diabetes. Several chapters address this, particularly the difficult task of changing people's behaviour. Prevention of the complications associated with diabetes involves more targeted interventions, which are discussed by experts in the relevant areas.

This book offers both a global perspective and local solutions. Key contributors include Paul Zimmet and Pierre Lef?bvre, President of the International Diabetes Federation who has written a chapter and a foreword....

Biographie:
Genes and Environment Clashing 3
Paul Zimmet, Adrian Cameron and Jonathan Shaw

Introduction 3

An Epidemiological Perspective 3

The Hidden Epidemic - Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia 6

Glucose Intolerance and the Metabolic Syndrome 6

Globalization - its Impact on Human Health 8

Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents 9

Prevention - the Reality and the Challenge 10

References 10

2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Primary and Secondary Prevention The Vision of the International Diabetes Federation 15
Pierre Lef?bvre

Introduction 15

Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 16

Prevention of Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 17

The Global Issue 18

References 19

3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 21
Thomas Reinehr and Martin Wabitsch

Introduction 21

Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 22

Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 23

Clinical Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 25

Clinical Features of Caucasian Children with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 25

Differential Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 27

Diagnostic criteria of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 29

Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 31

Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 33

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 34

Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 35

Monitoring and Treatment of Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 37

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 37

Conclusions 38

References 38

Section 2 Screening for Type 2 Diabetes 41

4 Screening for Undiagnosed Diabetes: Whom, Where, When and How 43
Tim Kenealy, Bruce Arroll and Peter M?ller

Undiagnosed Diabetes and Its Harms 43

The Rate of Undiagnosed Diabetes in New Zealand 43

Should We Screen for Diabetes? 45

Theory of Screening 48

Screening Theories are Difficult to Apply to Diabetes: Implications of the Diagnostic Criteria for Screening Decisions 55

Current Recommendations, New Zealand and International 56

Current Practice in New Zealand 56

Studies of Practical Screening in New Zealand 57

Systematic Opportunistic Screening in General Practice 58

Who to Test: Which Groups are at Relatively High Risk? 59

How to Test: Specific Screening Tests and cut-off Values? 62

Screening Intervals 71

Difficulty Applying Recommendations to Individual Patients 71

Screening Algorithms for Asymptomatic People 72

Summary 72

References 73

5 Genetic Screening and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes 81
Paolo Pozzilli

Introduction 81

Lessons from Type 1 Diabetes for Genetic Screening 83

Methods for Early Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes and Prevention Strategies 84

Type 2 Diabetes: Where do We Stand as regards Genetic Screening 85

Genes that are Identified with a Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes: the New Scene 86

How can We Track the Prediabetes Period using Genetic Markers? 87

Genetic Screening for MODY and Potential Preventive Strategy 88

Conclusion 90

Acknowledgements 91

References 91

6 Screening Parameters and Techniques: Limitations and Opportunitie...