Exploring Chemical Analysis - Daniel C. Harris

. .

Résumé :
Chapter 0?The Analytical Process
Cocaine Use?? Ask the River
0-1 ?The Analytical Chemists Job
0-2? ?General Steps in a Chemical Analysis
??Box 0-1?Constructing a Representative Sample

Chapter 1?Chemical Measurements
Biochemical Measurements with a Nanoelectrode
1-1?SI Units and Prefixes
??Box 1-1?Exocytosis of Neurotransmitters
1-2?Conversion Between Units
1-3?Chemical Concentrations
1-4?Preparing Solutions
1-5?The Equilibrium Constant

Chapter 2?Tools of the Trade
Catching a Cold with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
2-1?Safety, Waste Disposal, and Green Chemistry
2-2?Your Lab Notebook
??Box 2-1? Dan's Lab Notebook Entry
2-3?The Analytical Balance
2-4?Burets
2-5?Volumetric Flasks
2-6?Pipets and Syringes
2-7?Filtration
2-8?Drying
2-9?Calibration of Volumetric Glassware
2-10?Methods of Sample Preparation
??Reference Procedure:? Calibrating a 50-mL buret

Chapter 3?Math Toolkit
Experimental Error
3-1?Significant Figures
3-2?Significant Figures in Arithmetic
3-3?Types of Error
??Box 3-1?What Are Standard Reference Materials?
??Box 3-2?Case Study:? Systematic Error in Ozone Measurement
3-4?Propagation of Uncertainty
3-5?Introducing Spreadsheets
3-6?Graphing in Excel

Chapter 4?Statistics
Is My Red Blood Cell Count High Today?
4-1?The Gaussian Distribution
4-2?Comparison of Standard Deviations with the F Test
??Box 4-1?Choosing the Null Hypothesis in Epidemiology
4-3?Students t
4-4?A Spreadsheet for the t test
4-5?Grubbs Test for an Outlier
4-6?Finding the Best Straight Line
4-7?Constructing a Calibration Curve
4-8?A Spreadsheet for Least Squares

Chapter 5?Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods
The Need for Quality Assurance
5-1?Basics of Quality Assurance
??Box 5-1?Control Charts?
5-2?Validation of an Analytical Procedure
5-3?Standard Addition
5-4?Internal Standards

Chapter 6?Good Titrations
Titration on Mars
6-1?Principles of Volumetric Analysis
6-2?Titration Calculations
6-3?Chemistry in a Fishtank
??Box 6-1?Studying a Marine Ecosystem
6-4?Solubility Product
??Box 6-2?The Logic of Approximations
6-5?Titration of a Mixture
6-6?Titrations Involving Silver Ion?
??Demonstration 6-1? Fajans Titration

Chapter 7?Gravimetric and Combustion Analysis
The Geologic Time Scale and Gravimetric Analysis
7-1?Examples of Gravimetric Analysis
??Box 7-1?Shorthand for Organic Structures
7-2?Precipitation
??Demonstration 7-1? Colloids, Dialysis, and Microdialysis
7-3?Examples of Gravimetric Calculations
7-4?Combustion Analysis

Chapter 8?Introducing Acids and Bases
Acid Rain
8-1?What Are Acids and Bases?
8-2?Relation Between [H+], [OH-], and pH
8-3?Strengths of Acids and Bases
??Demonstration 8-1? HCl Fountain
8-4?pH of Strong Acids and Bases
8-5?Tools for Dealing with Weak Acids and Bases
8-6?Weak-Acid Equilibrium
??Box 8-1?Quadratic Equations
??Demonstration 8-2? Acid Rain Chemistry
8-7?Weak-Base Equilibrium

Chapter 9?Buffers
Measuring pH of Natural Waters with Acid-Base Indicators
9-1?What You Mix Is What You Get
9-2?The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
9-3?A Buffer in Action
??Box 9-1?Strong Plus Weak Reacts Completely
??Demonstration 9-1? How Buffers Works
9-4?Preparing Buffers
9-5?Buffer Capacity
9-6?How Acid-Base Indicators Work
??Demonstration 9-2? Indicators and Carbonic Acid
??Box 9-2?The Secret of Carbonless Copy Paper

Chapter 10?Acid...