Efficient Uranium Reduction Extraction - Chen, Tao

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Résumé :

Preface xi

1 Background of Uranium Chemistry 1

1.1 Introduction of Uranium in Nuclear Industry 1

1.1.1 Importance of Uranium Resource in Nuclear Industry 1

1.1.2 Uranium Cycle in Nuclear Industry 2

1.2 Coordination and Species of Uranium 2

1.2.1 General Chemical Properties of Uranium 2

1.2.2 Basic Uranium Species in the Solution-Uranyl and Uranyl Compound 3

1.2.3 Valence Transformation of Uranium 4

References 5

2 Introduction of Uranium Reduction Extraction 9

2.1 Introduction of Uranium Extraction 9

2.2 Introduction of Uranium Reduction Extraction 9

2.2.1 Basic Concept and Process of Uranium Reduction Extraction 9

2.2.2 Uranium Reduction by Zerovalent Iron 10

2.2.3 Photochemistry and Photochemical Uranium Reduction 10

2.2.4 Electrochemistry Involved in the Electrochemical Uranium Reduction 11

2.3 Key Factors to Influence the Uranium Reduction Extraction 11

2.3.1 Surface Adsorption and Coordination 12

2.3.2 Reductive Ability 12

2.4 Practical Situation that Requires Uranium Extraction 13

2.4.1 Uranium Extraction in Seawater 13

2.4.2 Uranium Extraction in Mining and Metallurgy 13

2.4.3 Uranium Extraction in Nuclear Wastewater 14

References 14

3 Uranium Reduction Extraction by Modified Nano Zerovalent Iron 19

3.1 Introduction of Nano Zerovalent Iron 19

3.2 Material Design for Promoted Stability and Reductive Ability 21

3.3 Uranium Extraction Performance 24

3.4 Reaction Mechanism 26

3.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 29

References 30

4 Uranium Reduction Extraction by Commercial Iron Powder 33

4.1 Introduction of Alternative Abundant Reductant-Commercial Iron Powder 33

4.2 Ultrasound Enhancement of Uranium Extraction by Commercial Iron Powder 34

4.2.1 Extraction of U(VI) by Commercial Iron Powder 34

4.2.2 Analysis of Uranium Enrichment Status 36

4.2.3 Key Mechanism of Ultrasonic Enhanced Commercial Iron Powder for Uranium Extraction 36

4.3 Microbial Sulfurization-Enhanced Commercial Iron Powder Extraction of Uranium 39

4.3.1 Characterizations of BS-ZVI 39

4.3.2 Performance of Photocatalytic Enrichment of U(VI) by BS-ZVI 40

4.3.3 Photoelectric Properties and Energy Band Structure of BS-ZVI 41

4.3.4 Photocatalytic Enrichment Mechanism of U(VI) 43

4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 45

References 45

5 Photocatalytic Uranium Reduction Extraction by Carbon-Semiconductor Hybrid Material 49

5.1 Introduction of Photocatalytic Uranium Reduction Extraction 49

5.2 Motivated Material Design of Carbon-Semiconductor Hybrid Material 51

5.2.1 Introduction 51

5.2.2 Results and Discussions 52

5.2.3 Summary 57

5.3 Band Engineering of Carbon-Semiconductor Hybrid Material 57

5.3.1 Introduction 57

5.3.2 Results and Discussions 58

5.3.3 Summary 64

5.4 Assembly of Carbon-Semiconductor Hybrid Material for Facile Recycle Use 65

5.4.1 Introduction 65

5.4.2 Results and Discussions 66

5.4.3 Summary 71

5.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 72

References 73

6 Photocatalytic Uranium Reduction Extraction by Surface Reconstructed Semiconductor 77

6.1 Introduction 77

6.2 Design of Hydrogen-Incorporated Semiconductor-Hydrogen-Assist 78

6.2.1 Hydrogen-Incorporated VO 2 78

6.2.2 Hydrogen-Incorporated Oxidized WS 2 86

6.3 Hydrogen-Incorporated Vacancy Engineering 92

6.3.1 Oxygen Vacancy-Case of WO 3-x 92

6.3.2 Doping-Induced Cation Vacancy-Case of Fe-Doped TiO 2 99