Streamlining Your Research Laboratory with Python - Neil, William

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Sommaire:

Preface xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Python Implementations 1

1.2 Installing the Python Toolkit 2

1.3 Python 3 vs. Python 2 2

1.4 Python Package Index 3

1.5 Programming Editors 5

1.6 Notebook Editors 5

1.7 Using the Jupyter Notebook Interface 7

1.8 JupyterLite 8

1.9 Things Change 9

1.10 Key Takeaways 9

2 Language Basics 11

2.1 Python Interactive Console 11

2.2 Data Types 11

2.3 Variables and Literals 14

2.4 Strings 15

2.4.1 Simple Strings 15

2.4.2 Multi-Line Strings 16

2.4.3 Escape Characters in a String 16

2.4.4 Raw Strings 18

2.4.5 Formatted Strings 18

2.4.6 Strings as Objects 19

2.4.7 Characters and Encodings 21

2.5 Expressions Using Operators 22

2.5.1 Arithmetic Operators 22

2.5.2 Assignment Operators 24

2.5.3 Comparison Operators 25

2.5.4 Boolean Operators 26

2.5.5 Chaining Comparisons 28

2.5.6 Comparing Floating-Point Numbers 29

2.6 Functions and How to Use Them 29

2.6.1 Invoking Functions 30

2.6.2 Built-in Functions 31

2.6.3 The math Module for Additional Mathematical Functions 31

2.6.4 The random Module for Pseudo-Random Number Generation 33

2.6.5 The time and datetime Modules for Handling Dates and Times 36

2.6.6 The sys Module for System Interactions 39

2.6.7 Scope and Namespace 40

2.7 Your First Python Program 41

2.8 Key Takeaways 42

3 Data Structures 45

3.1 Lists 45

3.1.1 Introducing Lists 45

3.1.2 Global Functions That Operate on Lists 46

3.1.3 Accessing List Elements 46

3.1.4 Slicing Lists 47

3.1.5 Lists Operators 49

3.1.6 Lists as Objects 51

3.2 Tuples 55

3.2.1 Introducing Tuples 55

3.3 Dictionaries 56

3.3.1 Introducing Dictionaries 56

3.3.2 Global Functions That Operate on Dictionaries 57

3.3.3 Accessing Dictionary Items 57

3.3.4 Dictionary Operators 58

3.3.5 Dictionaries as Objects 59

3.4 Sets 61

3.4.1 Introducing Sets 61

3.4.2 Global Functions That Operate on Sets 62

3.4.3 Accessing Set Elements 62

3.4.4 Set Operators 62

3.4.5 Sets as Objects 64

3.5 Destructuring Assignment 65

3.6 Key Takeaways 66

4 Controlling the Flow of a Program 67

4.1 Conditional Execution 67

4.1.1 If-Statements 67

4.1.2 If-Else Statements 68

4.1.3 If-Elif-Else Statements 70

4.1.4 If-Statement Strategies 71

4.1.5 Truthy and Falsy Values 74

4.1.6 Conditional Expressions 75

4.2 Repeated Execution 76

4.2.1 While-Statements 76

4.2.2 For-Statements 81

4.2.3 For-Statements with Range 83

4.2.4 Break and Continue 84

4.2.5 Comprehensions 85

4.3 Key Takeaways 87

5 Custom Functions and Exceptions 89

5.1 Defining Custom Functions 89

5.2 Arguments and Parameters 94

5.3 Names and Scope 97

5.3.1 Local vs. Global 97

5.3.2 Built-in and Nonlocal Scope 99

5.4 Scope vs. Namespace 100

5.5 Organizing Your Code with Modules 102

5.6 Decorators 104

5.7 How Things Go Wrong 106

5.8 Python Exceptions 106

5.9 Handling Exceptions 107

5.10 Raising Your Own Exceptions 110

5.11 Key Takeaways 112

6 Regular Expressions 115

6.1 Matching Literal Text 115

6.2 Alternation 116

6.3 Defining and Matching Character Classes 116

6.4 Metaclasses 117

6.5 Pattern Sequences 117

6.6 Repeating Patterns with Quantifiers 118

6.7 Anchors 119

6.8 Capturing...