Facial Aesthetics - Farhad B Naini

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Résumé :

Reviews of the First Edition xvi

Preface to Second Edition xviii

Preface to the First Edition xx

Acknowledgements xxii

Part I Concepts

Chapter 1 Facial Beauty
with Hengameh B. Naini 3

Definition of beauty and aesthetics 3

Is beauty 'in the eye of the beholder'? 5

The enigma of facial beauty 6

Beauty and facial beauty: historical and philosophical perspectives 11

Facial Beauty: Scientific perspectives 17

Importance of facial beauty 22

Striving for form 23

References 24

Chapter 2 Facial Proportions: Classical Canons to Modern Craniofacial Anthropometry 26

Introduction 26

Ancient Egypt 26

Ancient Greece 27

Ancient Rome 34

The Renaissance 36

The Enlightenment and neoclassicism 51

Twentieth century 53

The golden proportion 55

Conclusion 61

References 61

Chapter 3 Facial Expression: Influence and Significance 63

Introduction 63

Importance of facial expressions 63

History of research into facial expressions 64

References 70

Chapter 4 Psychological Ramifications of Facial Deformities 72

Introduction 72

Health and psychosocial well-being 72

Self-image 73

The effect of the response of others on those with facial deformities 74

To treat or not to treat? The controversial debate 75

Body dysmorphic disorder: the delusion of deformity 76

Managing facial deformity in a neurotic-dysmorphic patient 81

Conclusion 82

References 82

Further reading 83

Part II Clinical Diagnosis

Section 1 Patient Interview and Clinical Diagnostic Records 87

Introduction to Section 1 87

Diagnosis 87

Chapter 5 Patient Interview and Consultation 89

Introduction 89

Presenting complaint 89

History of presenting complaint 90

Psychosocial history 91

Medical history 93

Danger signals and the 'problem' patient 93

Concluding remarks 93

References 94

Chapter 6 Clinical Diagnostic Records, Natural Head Position and Craniofacial Anthropometry 95

Introduction 95

Radiographs 95

Clinical photographs 97

Clinical videography 97

Study models 97

Serial height measurement 98

Three-dimensional hard and soft tissue imaging 98

The Frankfort Craniometric Agreement and the Frankfort Plane 99

The unreliability of anatomical reference planes 101

Natural head position: the key to diagnosis 102

Choice of horizontal and vertical reference planes 103

Orientation of the patient in natural head position 104

Equipment for digital photography and data storage 105

Patient consent forms 105

Background and lighting 105

Facial views 106

Intraoral views 107

Anthropometric craniofacial surface landmarks 108

References 112

Chapter 7 Cephalometry and Cephalometric Analysis 113

Introduction 113

Cephalometric landmarks and planes of reference 114

Landmarks, lines, planes and volumes 114

Cephalometric planes of reference 119

Posteroanterior cephalometric radiography 122

Cephalometric analysis and geometric principles 125

Description of dentofacial deformities 125

Sagittal skeletal relationships 127

Sagittal dentoalveolar relationships 137

Vertical skeletal relationships 142

Vertical dentoalveolar relationships 148

Transverse skeletal relationships 149

References 149

Section 2 Facial Aesthetic Analysis: Facial Type, Proportio...