X-Ray Radiation and Artificial Bragg Structures - Jean-Michel Andre

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Résumé :

Chapter 1. Historical Prolegomena 1
Jean-Michel ANDR? and Philippe JONNARD

1.1. A short history of sources of X-rays 1

1.2. A short history of artificial Bragg structures and changes in them 17

1.2.1. Older work 17

1.2.2. Modern work 19

1.3. References 21

Chapter 2. Propagation of X-ray Radiation in a Bragg Structure: Frequency Domain 29
Jean-Michel ANDR? and Philippe JONNARD

2.1. Introduction to the interaction of X-rays and matter 29

2.2. Propagation in the frequency domain 33

2.2.1. Master equations and the Hill equation 35

2.2.2. Solving the Hill equation using the Bloch-Floquet method 37

2.2.3. Matrix methods 41

2.2.4. Recursive methods 57

2.3. Superluminal propagation and density of optical modes 65

2.4. References 67

Chapter 3. Coupled-wave Theories 71
Jean-Michel ANDR? and Philippe JONNARD

3.1. Introduction 71

3.2. Frequency domain 72

3.2.1. Standard theory of coupled waves 72

3.2.2. Tagaki-Taupin method 80

3.3. Time domain 83

3.4. Generalization to Laue geometry 87

3.5. References 94

Chapter 4. Propagation in Hybrid Bragg Structures: Scattering Theory 97
Jean-Michel ANDR? and Philippe JONNARD

4.1. Introduction 97

4.2. Considerations on hybrid structures 98

4.2.1. Grating structures 99

4.2.2. Fresnel lens structures 100

4.3. Scattering theories applied to hybrid structures 103

4.3.1. General approach 103

4.3.2. Application to Bragg-Fraunhofer diffraction 107

4.3.3. Application to Bragg-Fresnel diffraction 114

4.4. References 116

Chapter 5. Optimization and Design of Artificial Bragg Mirrors 121
Jean-Michel ANDR? and Philippe JONNARD

5.1 Theoretical optimization of the mirrors 121

5.1.1. Introduction 121

5.1.2. Role of the number of unit cells 122

5.1.3. Case of a bilayer unit cell 123

5.2. Practical optimization of mirrors 130

5.2.1. Accidental defects 130

5.2.2. Natural defects - Rough or diffuse interfaces 134

5.2.3. Practical optimization techniques 143

5.3. Design of mirrors and inverse problem 146

5.3.1. Design of wide-band mirrors and super-mirrors 146

5.3.2. Design of chirped mirrors 152

5.4. References 152

Chapter 6. Physics of Artificial Bragg Structures: Presentation of Some Phenomena 163
Jean-Michel ANDR?, Karine LE GUEN and Philippe JONNARD

6.1. Introduction 163

6.2. Kossel diffraction 163

6.3. Purcell effect 167

6.4. Bragg-Raman effect 169

6.5. Optical and topological states - X-ray quantum optics 171

6.6. Magnetism 173

6.7. References 182

Chapter 7. Applications of Artificial Bragg Structures 189
Jean-Michel ANDR?, Karine LE GUEN and Philippe JONNARD

7.1. Wavelength dispersion and monochromatization 189

7.1.1. Wavelength dispersion 189

7.1.2. Combined monochromatization 196

7.2. Focusing using lenses 199

7.2.1. Laue lens 199

7.2.2. Bragg-Fresnel lens 202

7.3. Polarimetry, interferometry and metrology of X-ray radiation 203

7.3.1. Polarization 203

7.3.2. Coherence 205

7.4. Instruments and imaging at quasi-normal incidence 205

7.4.1. EUV lithography 206

7.4.2. Telescopes for EUV astrophysics 208

7.4.3. X-ray/EUV microscope 209

7.5. Instruments and imagery under grazing incidence 210

7.6. Elements for X-ray radiation sources 212

7.6.1. Introduction 212

7.6.2. Optical elements for sources of X-ray r...