Development and the Sustainable City - Isabelle Bouchardy

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Résumé :

Introduction ix
Jean-Pierre MIGNOT

Chapter 1 From Development to Sustainable Development: Stakes and Issues Around the Sustainable City 1
Jean-Pierre MIGNOT

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Development: a concept, a history and its limits 3

1.2.1 The question of economic development 4

1.2.2 A brief history of a concept 5

1.2.3 Return to a definition and its consequences 8

1.2.4 Development and growth: a functional approach 12

1.2.5 Development, productivism and consumer society 13

1.2.6 The environmental consequences of development 17

1.3 Economic development and collateral damage 21

1.3.1 Production, consumption and fossil fuels 22

1.3.2 From economic development to endangering the planet 28

1.4 The neoliberal city and the environment 38

1.4.1 A redefinition of the neoliberal city 39

1.4.2 From the Fordist city to the neoliberal city 41

1.4.3 Population growth, economic development and urbanization 44

1.4.4 Urbanization and environment 46

1.5 From sustainable development to sustainable cities: issues and limits 54

1.5.1 Origins, foundations and evolution of the concept of sustainable development 55

1.5.2 A critical approach to the concept of sustainable development 69

1.5.3 The sustainable city and its limits 83

1.6 To not conclude 94

1.7 References 96

Chapter 2 The City, Decision-Making Tools and Performance 103
Marc-Andr? MEQUIGNON and Jean-Pierre MIGNOT

2.1 Introduction 103

2.2 The city approached as a system 104

2.2.1 The city, a complex system 104

2.2.2 The city, a complexity in motion 105

2.2.3 The city: the constraints of sustainability 106

2.2.4 Difficulties and priorities for the future 109

2.3 The city of the future 111

2.3.1 Avenues for improvement 111

2.3.2 Interdisciplinarity, a necessity 113

2.3.3 Technological change and the city 124

2.4 Proposal for an approach to improving decision support tools 128

2.4.1 A multidisciplinary approach to the design of decision support tools 128

2.4.2 Decision support tools and their place in the project process 129

2.4.3 Multidisciplinary approach to tool design 130

2.5 The city and LCA 132

2.5.1 Maturities of the different aspects of LCA 132

2.5.2 LCA, an unsuitable tool for the city 135

2.6 Agenda 21, a dedicated tool 142

2.6.1 Probable causes of a standstill 142

2.6.2 Ways to avoid becoming bogged down again 143

2.7 Conclusion 143

2.8 References 145

Chapter 3 Rural Eco-territoriality or the Subtle Alchemy Between Locality and Globality 149
Isabelle BOUCHARDY

3.1 Introduction 149

3.2 Rural territory: what does it mean? 150

3.2.1 The state of affairs 150

3.2.2 Specificities of identity 155

3.3 Glocalization of the territory 158

3.3.1 Globality 160

3.3.2 Locality 162

3.4 Sustainable rurality 165

3.4.1 Radical or incremental change? 165

3.4.2 Strategic areas of action 168

3.5 Prequel 192

3.5.1 A neglected model 194

3.5.2 Moderation versus austerity 198

3.6 References 202

Chapter 4 The Sustainable City, Between Political Project and Theoretical Cooling 209
Yann FERGUSON

4.1 Introduction 209

4.2 The plan: a positivist paradigm of the modern city 212

4.2.1 Progress as a regulatory ideal 213

4.2.2 Science as a resolutive modality 218

4.2.3 The state's omniscience and omnipotence 222

4.3 The urban project, operational paradigm of the sustai...