Understanding Multilingualism - Aline Ferreira

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Résumé :

Including detailed discussions of both the current state and future directions of the field, this comprehensive textbook presents a complete overview of multilingualism.

Written by internationally recognized researchers and educators, Understanding Multilingualism: An Introduction provides detailed coverage of the various dimensions of modern multilingualism. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the field by exploring the broad spectrum of different sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and neurocognitive approaches to the study of multilingualism.

The text begins by defining and clarifying the scope of multilingualism studies as a distinctive, interdisciplinary field of inquiry. Subsequent chapters discuss the historical development and theoretical models of multilingualism, how the brain processes multiple languages, the effect of multilingualism on human cognition, how multilingual processing changes over the human lifespan, societal management of multilingualism, multilingual education, and impact of technological advancement on multilingualism. The book concludes by addressing the prospect of a post-multilingual world and methodological issues in studying multilingualism.

• Considers the cognitive and linguistic implications of multilingualism to applied linguistics and language acquisition
• Examines the connections between multilingualism and changing socio-political and economic landscapes
• Reviews modern theories, methods, and research findings in multilingualism studies
• Discusses complex topics at both the individual and societal level
• Features numerous exercises, discussion questions, assignments, further readings, suggested research topics, and real-life case studies

Understanding Multilingualism: An Introduction is the perfect primary textbook for undergraduate courses in multilingualism and bilingualism, and an excellent resource for advanced students in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, second language acquisition, and foreign language education programs....

Biographie:

About the Authors x

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

1 Defining Multilingualism 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Evolutionary Roots of Language 3

1.3 Theoretical Perspectives of Multilingualism 5

1.3.1 Linguistic Perspectives 5

1.3.2 Sociolinguistic Perspectives 6

1.3.3 Cognitive Perspectives 6

1.4 Various Forms of Multilingualism 8

1.4.1 Individual Multilingualism 8

1.4.2 Societal Multilingualism 8

1.4.3 Transnational Multilingualism 9

Summary 10

Further Reading 10

Study Questions 11

References 11

2 Learning More than One Language 13

2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Similarities and Differences Between L1 and L2 Acquisition 14

2.3 Linguistic Development of Multiple Languages 15

2.3.1 Acquisition of L2 Phonology 15

2.3.2 Acquisition of L2 Morphology 17

2.3.3 Acquisition of L2 Syntax 17

2.3.4 Acquisition of L2 Communicative and Pragmatic Competences 20

2.4 Factors Affecting L2 Acquisition 22

2.4.1 Learning Style 22

2.4.2 Cross- Linguistic Influences 22

2.4.3 Age 24

2.4.4 Language Aptitude 24

2.4.5 Working Memory Capacity 25

2.4.6 Gender 25

2.4.7 Affective Factors 25

2.4.8 Learning Environment 26

2.5 Classroom Pedagogies Used by L2 Educators 27

2.5.1 Early Approaches to L2 Teaching and Learning 27

2.5.2 Communicative Approaches to L2 Teaching 28

2.5.3 Sociocultural Approaches to L2 Teaching 29

2.5.4 Processing Instruction 30

2.5.5 Immersion Programs 31

2.5.6 Technology- Enhanced L2 Teaching 31

Summary 32

Further Reading 33

Study Questions 33

References 34

3 Psycholinguistic Models of Multilingualism 38

3.1 Introduction 38

3.2 Speech Production Models 39

3.2.1 Foundations from Monolingual Speech Production 39

3.2.1.1 Dell's (1986) Spreading Activation Model 40

3.2.1.2 Levelt's (1989) Modular Speaking Model 41

3.2.2 Developments in Multilingualism 42

3.2.2.1 Kormos' (2006) Bilingual Speech Production Model 42

3.3 Comprehension Models 44

3.3.1 Foundations from Monolingual Comprehension 44

3.3.1.1 Interactive Activation Model 44

3.3.1.2 The TRACE Model 45

3.3.2 Developments in Multilingualism 46

3.3.2.1 Bilingual Interactive Activation Model 46

3.3.2.2 Bilingual Model of Lexical Access 47

3.4 Multilingual Models of Lexical and Conceptual Memory 48

3.4.1 Revised Hierarchical Model 49

3.4.2 Modified Hierarchical Model 50

3.5 Multilingual Models of Language Control 50

3.5.1 Inhibitory Control Model 51

3.5.2 Adaptive Control Hypothesis 52

3.5.3 Cognitive Effects of Language Switching 53

Summary 54

Further Reading 55

Study Questions 55

References 55

4 The Multilingual Brain 58

4.1 Introduction 58

4.2 Where Are Languages Located in the Brain? 59

4.3 Multilingualism and Changes to the Brain 60

4.3.1 Neuroplasticity 60

4.3.2 Structural Changes to the Brain 61

4.3.3 Neural Remodeling 62

4.4 What Happens to Languages After Brain Trauma? 63

4.4.1 How Does Damage to Brain Areas Affect Languages? 63

4.4.2 What Premorbid Factors Influence Aphasia in Multilinguals? 63

4.5 Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Aphasia Among Multilinguals 66

4.5.1 How Is Aphasia Diagnosed in Multilingual Patients? 66

4.5.2 Language Rehabilitation in Multilingual Aphasics 67

4.6 Clinical Recovery Patterns of Languages in Multilingual Patients 70

Summary 71

Furth...

Sommaire:

JOHN W. SCHWIETER is Professor at Wilfrid Laurier University and Adjunct Professor at McMaster University, Canada.

ALINE FERREIRA is Associate Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.

LI WEI is Director and Dean of the UCL Institute of Education and Professor at University College London, UK....