Decoding Disasters - Anthony Sofronas

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Résumé :

Introduction xv

Acknowledgments xvii

1 Methods for Analyzing Failures 1

1.1 Mathematical Modeling 2

1.2 Methods for Solving Problems 4

1.2.1 The Scientific Method 4

1.3 The Crack Growth Equation 5

1.4 Failure of Carbon Fibers in Compressive Fatigue 7

1.5 Failure of Carbon Fiber, Titanium, and Steel in Compressive Fatigue 8

1.6 Cycles to Failure for Carbon Fiber Laminate and Stainless Steel 10

1.6.1 Summary 11

1.7 Ockham's Razor 12

2 Industrial Mechanical Equipment Failures 13

2.1 Failure in a Large Stirred Processing Reactor 13

2.1.1 Hydraulic Cyclic Force on Support Bolting and Support Plate 15

2.1.2 Product Chunk Impact on Support 16

2.1.3 Summary 18

2.2 Stress on Spline Shaft Due to Extruder Wear 19

2.2.1 Summary 20

2.3 Ship Propeller Impact Damage 20

2.3.1 Summary 23

2.4 How a Turbojet Aircraft Engine Works and Fails 23

2.5 Failure of a G.E. CF-6-6 Turbofan Disk on a DC- 10 25

2.5.1 Summary 28

2.6 Loss of a Turbofan Blade 28

2.6.1 Summary 30

3 Industrial Vibration Failures 33

3.1 An Actual Aircraft Engine-Gearbox-Propeller Torsional System 33

3.1.1 Summary 37

3.2 Coupling Failure: Motor-Gearbox-High Speed Compressor System 38

3.2.1 Summary 41

3.3 Slip-stick Phenomena 41

3.4 Windshield Wiper Chatter Problem 43

3.4.1 Summary 45

3.5 Catastrophic Failure of a Vibrating Centrifuge Deck 45

3.5.1 Summary 47

4 Catastrophic Implosion of the Deep Sea Submersible Titan 49

4.1 Titan Deep Diving Vessel Implosion 49

4.2 Evidence from Titan Debris 53

4.3 The Titan Submersible Design 53

4.3.1 Summary 55

5 Potential Earth Catastrophes 57

5.1 What Is the Chance the 2029 Asteroid Apophis Will Impact Earth? 57

5.1.1 Summary 59

5.2 What Damage Would an Asteroid Impact Such as Apophis Cause? 60

5.2.1 Summary 61

5.3 What If the Chelyabinsk Meteor Had Impacted Earth? 63

5.3.1 Summary 63

5.4 Preventing an Asteroid from Impacting Earth 63

5.4.1 Summary 66

5.5 The Damage Potential of Solar Flares 66

6 Flight Dynamics and Major Disasters 69

6.1 How Does an Aircraft Fly? 69

6.1.1 Summary 70

6.1.2 Summary 70

6.2 Stalls and Flat Spins and Crash of Flight 2283 71

6.2.1 Summary 72

6.3 How Can a Drone Helicopter Fly on Mars? 73

6.3.1 Summary 74

6.4 Disappearance of Malaysian Flight MH 370 75

6.4.1 Summary 76

6.5 Why Did the Nose Wheel Collapse on a Boeing 767? 77

6.6 What Happened to the Space Shuttle Columbia? 78

6.6.1 Summary 80

6.7 Why Did the Door Blow Out of a Boeing 737 Max 9? 80

6.7.1 Summary 82

6.8 Why Did Hail Destroy the Nose of an Airbus 320? 83

6.8.1 Summary 85

6.9 Damage Due to Tire Falling Off Boeing 777 Aircraft 86

6.9.1 Summary 87

6.10 How Does a Hummingbird Fly? 87

6.10.1 Summary 88

6.11 How Do Fish Swim? 88

6.11.1 Summary 90

6.12 Tourism Helicopter Crashes into Hudson River 90

6.12.1 Summary 91

6.13 More Data on the Crash of Bell 206L into the Hudson 92

6.13.1 Summary 94

6.14 Air India Flight 171 Crash 94

6.14.1 Summary 95

7 Impact Disasters 97

7.1 Average and Peak Impact Force 97

7.1.1 Summary 98

7.2 Examining the Head-on Impact of Two Vehicles 99

7.2.1 Summary 101

7.3 Design Use of the Head-on Impact Equation 102

7.4 Can a Water Filled Membrane Bag Be Used as a Safety Device? 102

7.4.1...

Sommaire:

Dr. Anthony Sofronas is the former Worldwide Lead Mechanical Engineer for ExxonMobil. He was involved with machinery troubleshooting for 50 years with over 130 publications and presented over 30 industry seminars worldwide on machinery troubleshooting. Sofronas served as owner of Engineered Products (engineering consulting and seminars) for 16 years. He was Contributing Editor for Hydrocarbon Processing Magazine for 16 years on machinery and pressure vessel troubleshooting (110 articles). He has written multiple books published by Wiley....