Optimization for Thermal Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers - Hanifzadeh, Mehdi

Résumé :
Preface

About this book

Audience / Reader

Global Thermal Design Software

Chapter 1 A Brief Overview

1.1 Short Summary of Each Chapter

1.2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

1.3 Step by Step Thermal Design Methodology

1.4 Why Shell-and-Tube

1.5 Scope of shell-and-tube

1.6 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Components / Definition

1.7 Fouling

1.8 Thermodynamic Analysis of a Heat Exchangers

Chapter 2 Required Data for Starting Thermal Design

2.1 Process Data Sheets

2.2 Contract & Project Specifications

Chapter 3 Practical Input Data for Thermal Design (using Software)

3.1 Calculation Modes

3.2 Process Data for Hot / Cold Side

3.3 Physical Property Data for Hot / Cold Side

3.4 Fouling Resistant

3.5 TEMA Type

3.6 TEMA Class

3.7 Shell Inside Diameter

3.8 Exchanger Orientation

3.9 Hot & Cold Fluid Location

3.10 Examples for TEMA Type Selection

3.11 Heat Load & EMTD

3.12 No. of Shell in Series & Parallel

3.13 Tube Type

3.14 Tube Outside Diameter

3.15 Tube Pattern

3.16 Tube Length

3.17 Tube Pass

3.18 Material of Construction

3.19 Tube Sheet

3.20 Baffle Type

3.21 Baffle Cut Percent

3.22 Baffle Spacing

3.23 Flow Fraction in Shell

3.24 Clearances & Shell-Side Leakages

3.25 Nozzle Data

3.26 Impingement Plate

3.27 Reboilers

3.28 Vibration of Tubes

3.29 Emerging New Technology

3.30 Basic Principles path of Thermal Design in Computer program

Chapter 4 Features of an Optimal Design for a Heat Exchanger

4.1 Result Output Data (of any Computer Program

4.2 Over Design Percent

4.3 Calculated Pressure Drop

4.4 Flow Velocity / Rho.V2 Analysis

4.5 Shell-Side Flow Distribution

4.6 Baffle Spacing Center to Center

4.7 Effective Temperature Difference

4.8 Shell and Tube Heat Transfer Coefficients

4.9 Two Phase Flow Regimes

4.10 Vibration Analysis

4.11 Kettle Type Output Data

Chapter 5 Optimization Logic

5.1 The Factors that influence the Capital / Operating Cost of an Exchanger

5.2 Step by Step Optimization Method

5.2.1 How to Control General Item

5.2.2 How to control Shell-side Pressure Drop

5.2.3 How to control Tube-side Pressure Drop

5.2.4 How to control Shell-side Velocity / Heat Transfer Parameters

5.2.5 How to control Tube-side Velocity / Heat Transfer Parameters

5.2.6 How to control and remove Vibration Problem

Chapter 6 Practical Thermal Design for Real Example Cases

6.1 Water Cooler-1

6.2 Water Cooler-2

6.3 Gas Water Cooler-3

6.4 Lube Oil Water Cooler-4

6.5 No phase Change-1

6.6 No Phase Change-2

6.7 Boiler Feed Water Heater-No Phase Change-3

6.8 Feed & Effluent Heat Exchanger-1

6.9 Feed & Effluent Heat Exchanger-2

6.10 Condenser-1

6.11 Condenser-2

6.12 Condenser-3

6.13 Reactor Effluent Condenser-4

6.14 Kettle Type-1-C3 Refrigerator

6.15 Kettle Type-2-Steam Boiler

6.16 Kettle Type Reboiler

6.17 Horizontal Thermosiphon Reboiler-1

6.18 Horizontal Thermosiphon Reboiler-2

6.19 Vertical Thermosiphon Reboiler-1

6.20 Vertical Thermosiphon Reboiler-2

Chapter 7 Brief Description of Activities after Thermal Design

7.1 Mechanical Design

7.1.1 General Guidelines for Mechanical Design

7.1.2 Thickness Design for all Pressure Parts

7.1.3 Finalization of Tube-sheet Layout

7.1.4 Tube-...

Sommaire:

Preface xiii

About This Book xv

The Audience / Reader xvii

Global Computer Software for Thermal Design xviii

1 A Brief Overview 1

1.1 Short Summary for Each Chapter 1

1.2 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 3

1.3 Step-by-step Thermal Design Methodology 4

1.4 Why Shell and Tube? 5

1.5 Scope of Shell and Tube 5

1.6 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Components / Definition 6

1.7 Fouling 13

1.7.1 Effects of Fouling 14

1.7.2 Different Kinds of Fouling 14

1.7.3 Variables That Fouling Depends on 18

1.7.4 Fouling Influence in Heat Transfer 18

1.8 Thermodynamic Analysis of a Heat Exchanger 18

1.8.1 First Law of Thermodynamics Summary 18

1.8.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics Summary 19

1.8.3 Energy Conservation for a Heat Exchanger 19

2 Required Data for Starting Thermal Design 21

2.1 Process Data Sheet 21

2.2 Contract and Project Specifications 24

3 Practical Input Data for Thermal Design (Using Software) 25

3.1 Calculation Modes 25

3.2 Process Data for Hot / Cold Side 25

3.3 Physical Properties for Hot / Cold Side 26

3.4 Fouling Resistance Group 27

3.4.1 Sample of Fouling Resistance Data 27

3.5 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association TYPE 28

3.5.1 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association's Three Letters 28

3.5.2 Front Head Type 28

3.5.2.1 Type-A: Bolted Channel and Removable Cover 28

3.5.2.2 Type-B: Bonnet Type 30

3.5.2.3 Type-C: Channel Integral with Tube Sheet and Removable Bundle 30

3.5.2.4 Type-N: Channel Integral with Tube Sheet and Nonremovable Bundle 30

3.5.2.5 Type-D: High-pressure Enclosure 31

3.5.3 Selection Criteria for Front-head TEMA Type 31

3.5.4 Shell Type 32

3.5.4.1 Type-E: Single Pass Shell Type 32

3.5.4.2 Type-F: Two Pass Shell Type 33

3.5.4.3 Type-J: Divided Flow Shell Type 33

3.5.4.4 Type-G: Split Flow Shell Type 34

3.5.4.5 Type-H: Double Split Flow Shell Type 35

3.5.4.6 Type-X: Cross-flow Shell Type 35

3.5.4.7 Type-K: Kettle Type 36

3.5.5 Rear Head Type 37

3.5.5.1 Fixed Tube Sheet (TEMA Type-L, -M, and -N) 37

3.5.5.2 Type-U: U-tube 39

3.5.5.3 Floating Head Types (TEMA Type-S, -T, -W, and -P) 40

3.5.6 Selection Criteria for Rear Head TEMA Type 43

3.5.6.1 The Way to Determine the Fixed Tube Sheet Model 43

3.5.6.2 The Way to Determine the U-tube Type 44

3.5.6.3 The Ways to Determine the Floating Head Type 44

3.5.7 Possible TEMA Type Configuration 44

3.5.8 Common TEMA Type Heat Exchangers 44

3.5.8.1 Fixed Tube Sheet 44

3.5.8.2 Removable Bundle, U-tube 46

3.5.8.3 Removable Bundle 48

3.6 TEMA Class 50

3.7 Shell Inside Diameter 51

3.8 Exchanger Orientation 52

3.9 Hot / Cold Fluid Placement 53

3.9.1 General Items 53

3.9.2 Condensers 54

3.9.3 Reboilers 54

3.10 Examples of TEMA Type Selection 57

3.11 Heat Load and Effective Mean Temperature Difference 58

3.11.1 Heat Transfer Rate 58

3.11.2 Heat Release Curve 59

3.12 Number of Shells in Series and Parallel 61

3.12.1 Temperature Cross 61

3.12.2 Two Methods 62

3.12.3 Results and Conclusion 63

3.12.4 Stacking Shells in Series 63

3.12.5 Number of Shells in Parallel 65

3.13 Tube Type 65

3.13.1 Plain Tubes 65

3.13.2 Finned Tubes 65

3.13.2.1 Longitudinal Finned Tubes 65

3.14 Tube OD 66

3.14.1 TEMA Data 66

3.14.2 Tube Average Wall Thickness 67

3.14.3 Tube Pitch 67

3.15 Tube Pattern 67