Tondano (Toundano) - Brickell, Timothy C.

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Résumé :

Contents

List of figures

List of tables

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

1.1 Minahasa: population, geography, and economy

1.2 History and culture of the region

1.2.1 Minahasa in pre-colonial times

1.2.2 Colonisation: the 1500s onwards

1.2.3 Minahasa in the modern age

1.3 The languages of North Sulawesi

1.3.1 Indigenous languages of North Sulawesi

1.3.2 The Minahasan micro-group

1.3.3 Languages of wider communication

1.3.4 Linguistic vitality

1.3.5 Community attitudes

1.3.6 Previous descriptive work and major sources

1.4 Fieldwork and the data corpus

2 Phonetics and phonology

2.1 Phoneme inventory

2.1.1 Evidence for phonemic contrasts: minimal pairs

2.2 Distribution and allophonic variation

2.2.1 Consonant phonemes

2.2.2 Oral plosives

2.2.3 Nasals

2.2.4 Glides

2.2.5 Liquids

2.2.6 Fricatives

2.2.7 Vowel phonemes

2.3 Syllable structure and phonotactics

2.3.1 Syllable structure

2.3.2 Consonant clusters

2.3.3 Vowel sequences

2.3.4 Syllable sequences

2.3.5 Stress assignment

2.4 Morphophonological processes

2.4.1 Nasal assimilation

2.4.2 Nasal substitution

2.4.3 Pseudo nasal substitution

2.4.4 Reduplication

2.4.5 Vowel deletion

2.4.6 Consonant deletion

2.4.7 Epenthesis .

3 Morphology and word formation

3.1 Words: phonological and grammatical

3.1.1 Phonological words

3.1.2 Grammatical words

3.2 Roots and stems

3.2.1 Roots

3.2.2 Stems

3.3 Inflection and derivation

3.4 Affixes

3.4.1 Prefixes

3.4.2 Infixes .

3.4.3 Suffixes

3.4.4 Circumfixes

3.4.5 Affix ordering

3.5 Clitics

3.5.1 Proclitics

3.5.2 Enclitics

3.5.3 Clitic ordering

4 Lexical categories

4.1 Lexical categories and morphosyntactic categories

4.2 Nouns

4.2.1 Common and proper nouns

4.2.2 Temporal nouns

4.2.3 Locative nouns

4.2.4 Nominalisation

4.3 Verbs

4.3.1 Monovalent verbs

4.3.2 Bivalent verbs

4.3.3 Modal auxiliary verbs

4.4 Pronouns

4.4.1 Independent pronouns

4.4.2 Proclitic pronouns

4.4.3 Enclitic pronouns

4.4.4 Non-specific referents anu and ano

4.5 Adverbs

4.5.1 Degree adverbs

4.5.2 Focussing adverbs

4.5.3 Evidential and epistemic adverbs

4.5.4 Temporal adverbs

4.6 Demonstratives

4.6.1 Demonstrative attributives

4.6.2 Demonstrative pronouns

4.7 Quantifiers (non-numeral)

4.8 Numerals

4.8.1 Simplex cardinal numerals

4.8.2 Complex cardinal numerals

4.8.3 Ordinal numerals

4.8.4 Fractions

4.8.5 Multiplicatives

4.9 Prepositions

4.10 Conjunctions

4.11 Particles

4.11.1 Interjections and exclamations

4.11.2 Directional particles =la, =m??, and =mi

4.11.3 Completive =mou and incompletive =p?'

4.11.4 Verbal particle n?i

5 Basic morphosyntax

5.1 Grammatical relations and semantic roles

5.1.1 Nominative

5.1.2 Accusitive

5.1.3 Genitive

5.2 Transitivity

5.2.1 Intransitive clauses

5.2.2 Transitive clauses

5.3 Verbal clause structure

5.3.1 Actor voice clauses

5.3.2 Undergoer voice clauses

5.3.3 Topicalisation

5.4 Non-verbal clauses

5.4.1 Existential clauses

5.4.2 Equative and attributive clauses

5.5 Other clause types

5.5.1 Question formation

5.5.2 Negat...

Sommaire:

Timothy C. Brickell is a linguist who is currently based at the University of Melbourne. He has been conducting fieldwork-based research in North Sulawesi since 2011 with the aim of documenting and describing the languages and cultures of indigenous communities in the Minahasa and Southeast Minahasa regencies. This research has produced digital multi-media content documenting traditional work-related, crafting, social, and ritualistic activities, as well as descriptions of various levels of language structure, such as those put forward in this monograph.