Plant Biotechnology and Genetics -

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Résumé :

List of Contributors xv

Preface xvii

1. The Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Agriculture 1
Graham Brookes

1.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 1

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Cultivation of Biotechnology (GM) Crops 2

1.3. Why Farmers Use Biotech Crops 4

1.4. GM Crop Trait Use on Production and Farming 6

1.5. How the Adoption of Plant Biotechnology has Impacted the Environment 7

1.6. Conclusions 13

References 15

2. Mendelian Genetics and Plant Reproduction 17
Matthew D. Halfhill and Suzanne I. Warwick

2.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 17

2.1. Genetics Overview 17

2.2. Mendelian Genetics 20

2.3. Mitosis and Meiosis 24

2.4. Plant Reproductive Biology 28

2.5. Conclusion 34

Life Box 2.1. Richard A. Dixon 35

Life Box 2.2. Michael L. Arnold 36

References 38

3. Plant Breeding 39
Nicholas A. Tinker and Elroy R. Cober

3.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 39

3.1. Introduction 40

3.2. Central Concepts in Plant Breeding 41

3.3. Objectives in Plant Breeding 52

3.4. Methods of Plant Breeding 53

3.5. Breeding Enhancements 64

3.6. Conclusions 71

Life Box 3.1. Gurdev Singh Khush 71

Life Box 3.2. P. Stephen Baenziger 73

References 75

4. Plant Development and Physiology 76
Glenda E. Gillaspy and Catherine P. Freed

4.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 76

4.1. Plant Anatomy and Morphology 77

4.2. Embryogenesis and Seed Germination 78

4.3. Meristems 84

4.4. Leaf Development 87

4.5. Flower Development 90

4.6. Hormone Physiology and Signal Transduction 93

4.7. Conclusions 99

Life Box 4.1. Natasha Raikhel 99

Life Box 4.2. Brenda S.J. Winkel 101

References 103

5. Tissue Culture: The Manipulation of Plant Development 105
Vinitha Cardoza

5.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 105

5.1. Introduction 105

5.2. History of Tissue Culture 106

5.3. Media and Culture Conditions 107

5.4. Sterile Technique 109

5.5. Culture Conditions and Vessels 111

5.6. Culture Types and Their Uses 113

5.7. Regeneration Methods of Plants in Culture 119

5.8. Rooting of Shoots 122

5.9. Acclimation 122

5.10. Automation in Plant Tissue Culture 123

5.11. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Plant Tissue Culture 123

5.12. Problems That Can Occur in Tissue Culture 123

5.13. Conclusions 124

Acknowledgments 124

Life Box 5.1. Vinitha Cardoza 125

Life Box 5.2. Raymond D. Shillito 126

References 129

6. Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression 133
Maria Gallo and Alison K. Flynn

6.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 133

6.1. The Gene 134

6.2. DNA Packaging into Eukaryotic Chromosomes 134

6.3. Transcription 135

6.4. Translation 144

6.5. Protein Postranslational Modification 150

Life Box 6.1. Maarten Chrispeels 150

Life Box 6.2. Hong S. Moon 152

References 153

7. Plant Systems Biology 155
Wusheng Liu, Yongil Yang, and C. Neal Stewart, Jr.

7.0. Chapter Summary and Objectives 155

7.1. Introduction 156

7.2. Defining Plant Systems Biology 157

7.3. Properties of Plant Systems 158

7.4. A Framework of Plant Systems Biology 160

7.5. Disciplines and Enabling tools of Plant Systems Biology 162

7.6. Conclusions 179

Life Box 7.1. C. Robin Buell 180

Life Box 7.2. Joshua Yuan 182

References 183

8. R...