Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry -

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Résumé :

Key information on plant-based chemical and pharmacology research, from basics and principles through recent technological advances

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry provides an overview of the basics of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry from early principles through contemporary advances like molecular pharmacognosy. The book covers the classification of crude drugs, complementary and alternative medical (CAM) systems, adulteration and evaluation of drugs, extraction methods of plant drugs, and ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology.

The book also reviews the historical overview, therapeutic application, cultural and ecological dimensions of plant-based medicines. Other key chapters discuss biotechnology and clinical pharmacognosy.

Written by a group of expert contributors, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry reviews sample topics including:

• Methodologies for extracting bioactive compounds and techniques to perform qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis
• Therapeutic potential of plant secondary metabolites and the processes of isolation, purification, and characterization of herbal drugs
• Biological screening methods and biosynthetic pathways of phytopharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical aids, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, pesticides, and allergens
• Comparative phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, and the emerging field of marine pharmacognosy

Combining traditional knowledge with modern advancements to provide a holistic understanding of two important fields, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry serves as an excellent resource for students, researchers, and practitioners....

Sommaire:

List of Contributors xvii

Preface xxi

1 Historical Overview of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 1
Mona M. Marzouk, Mai M. Farid, Rana M. Merghany, Shahira M. Ezzat

1.1 Introduction to Pharmacognosy 1

1.2 Historical Development of Pharmacognosy 1

1.3 Development of Pharmacognosy in the Modern Era 3

1.4 The Relevance of Pharmacognosy in Pharmacological Research on Herbal Medicinal Products 3

1.5 Taxonomy and Botanical Authenticity 3

1.6 Phytochemistry - An Expanded Role in Traditional Medicine (History and Progress in Drug Discovery) 6

1.7 Recent Progress in Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7

1.8 Conclusion 14

References 14

2 Classification of Crude Drugs of Natural Origin 17
Vishal S. Bagul, Piyush S. Bafna, Deepak M. Patil, Rakesh E. Mutha

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Botanical Classification 18

2.3 Morphological Classification 19

2.4 Chemical Classification 21

2.5 Pharmacological Classification 23

2.6 Taxonomical Classification 25

2.7 Chemotaxonomical Classification 25

2.8 Geographical Classification 26

2.9 Traditional and Cultural Classification 28

2.10 Modern Analytical Techniques in Classification 29

2.11 Challenges in Classification 32

2.12 Future Perspectives 33

2.13 Conclusion 35

References 37

3 Folk Medicine as a Source of Therapeutically Important Drugs: Evidence from Ethnobotanical Investigations 43
Moses Sam Arul Raj, Mohan Kalaskar, Shailendra Gurav, Muniappan Ayyanar

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 Traditional Medical Systems 46

3.3 Importance of Ethnobotanical Research in Drug Discovery 48

3.4 Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants 49

3.5 Conclusions 59

Acknowledgments 59

References 59

4 Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Systems 67
Akshay M. Baheti, Arti G. Swami, Manasi R. Nimbalkar, Ranjit Nimbalkar, Anil T. Pawar

4.1 Introduction 67

4.2 Ayurveda System 67

4.3 Unani System 72

4.4 Siddha System 75

4.5 Homeopathy System 79

4.6 Conclusion 80

References 80

5 Cultivation, Collection, and Preparation of Plant Drugs 83
Mohan Kalaskar, Muniappan Ayyanar, Nilambari Gurav, Sanjay J. Surana

5.1 History 83

5.2 Cultivation 83

5.3 Factors Affecting Cultivation 85

5.4 Good Agricultural Practice 88

5.5 Good Collection Practices for Medicinal Plants 91

5.6 Processing of Medicinal Plants 92

5.7 Storage and Packaging 93

5.8 Sample Record for Cultivated Medicinal Plants 94

5.9 Voluntary Certification Scheme for Medicinal Plant Produce in Indian Scenario 97

References 99

6 Adulteration and Evaluation of Crude Drugs of Natural Origin 101
Popat Mohite, Abhijeet Puri

6.1 Introduction 101

6.2 Adulteration of Herbal Drugs 102

6.3 Types of Adulteration 103

6.4 Adulteration in Medicinal Plants 106

6.5 Methods of Detection of Adulterants and Evaluation of Medicinal Herbs 107

6.6 Analytical Techniques in the Detection and Evaluation of Adulterants 111

6.7 Challenges in Detection of Adulterants 115

6.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 115

References 115

7 Methods of Extraction 121
Mohan Kalaskar, Santosh U. Yele, Muniappan Ayyanar, Nilambari Gurav, Vishal Beldar, Sanjay J. Surana

7.1 Introduction 121

7.2 Ideal Properties of Solvent 122

7.3 Solvents for Extraction 123

7.4 Factor Affecting Extraction Methods 124

7.5 Mechanism of Extraction 124<...