Biogeography - Glen M. MacDonald

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Auteur(s) : Glen M. MacDonald

Editeur : John Wiley And Sons Ltd

Langue : Anglais

Parution : 01/03/2025

Format : Moyen, de 350g à 1kg

Nombre de pages : 528.0

Expédition : 726

ISBN : 9781119904588

Résumé :

Introduce students to the diversity embraced by the discipline of biogeography, revised and updated throughout

Biogeography: Space, Time and Life provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of large-scale geographic distributions of life, focusing on ecology, evolution, physical geography and conservation. Now in its second edition, this award-winning textbook illustrates key concepts in biogeography using engaging empirical examples of modern plant and animal distributions, long-term evolutionary history and current conservation challenges.

With an accessible style and clear structure, Biogeography defines fundamental terms from biology and physical geography, describes ecological biogeography and the biological features of the physical environment, explains key concepts in historical biogeography, explores the Earth's diverse biogeographic subdivisions, current issues in conservation and more. Student-friendly chapters cover topics including biological interactions, speciation and extinction, changing continents and climates, human evolution, modern biodiversity, the relationship between humans and plants, animals and other organisms, and the role of biogeography in conservation.

• Introduces basic concepts in the study of animal and vegetation distributions, including various human and environmental impacts on these distributions
• Examines how biological factors such as heat and predation impact different species of plants and animals
• Features short biographical sketches of major figures in the field and examples of the natural histories of various species
• Considers the application of biogeographic theory and techniques for the benefit of conservation and sustainability
• Includes a companion website for students, as well as an instructor's site with supplementary teaching resources

Designed for students across a wide range of disciplines, from the biological and physical sciences to the social sciences and humanities, Biogeography: Space, Time and Life, Second Edition is an excellent textbook for undergraduate courses in biogeography, Earth systems science, and environmental studies....

Biographie:

GLEN M. MACDONALD is Distinguished Professor, Endowed Chair of California and the American West in Geography, Director of the UC White Mountain Research Center, and Chair of UCLA Canadian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He has published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles, authored Op-Ed pieces for the Los Angeles Times, the San Francisco Chronicle, and the Sacramento Bee, and received numerous research and teaching awards.

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Sommaire:

Preface to the 2 Nd Edition vii

About the Companion Website ix

Chapter 1 An Introduction 1

Part I Space and Life

Chapter 2 Some Basics 9

Biology and the Hierarchies of Life 9

Taxonomic Hierarchy 9

Ecological Hierarchy 14

Trophic Hierarchy 15

Physical Geography and the Functioning of the Earth 20

Global Climate 20

Microclimate 27

World Soils 27

The Physical Environment of Lakes 30

The Physical Environment of Oceans 32

Chapter 3 the Physical Environment and the Distribution of Life 37

Light 38

Temperature 41

Plants 41

Animals 46

Moisture 51

Plants 51

Animals 54

Other Physical Factors 55

Interacting Physical Controls on Geographic Distributions 57

Environmental Gradients and Species Niches 58

Chapter 4 Biological Interactions and the Distribution of Life 66

Predation 66

Competition 71

Symbiosis: Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, and Mimicry 75

Combined Physical and Biological Controls on Distribution 78

Interactions, Gradients, and Niches 79

Chapter 5 Disturbance 85

Fire 92

Wind 100

Flooding 103

Other Physical Disturbances 109

Pathogens 112

Marine Disturbances 114

Chapter 6 Communities, Formations, and Biomes 121

Communities 121

Plant Physiognomy, Vegetation Structure, and Formations 127

Ecological Equivalents, Life Zones, and the Biomes 128

Tropical Rainforest 133

Tropical Seasonal Forest 140

Tropical Savanna 142

Desert 146

The Mediterranean Biome 151

Temperate Grassland 154

Temperate Forests 158

Temperate Rainforest 162

Coniferous Boreal (Taiga), Subalpine, and Montane Forests 165

Tundra 168

Part II Time and Life

Chapter 7 Changing Continents and Climates 179

Life and the Geologic Time Scale 179

Shifting Continents 183

Quaternary Climatic Change 192

Future Changes in Continents and Climate 203

Chapter 8 Dispersal, Colonization, and Invasion 215

Dispersal 216

Colonization, Seasonal Migrations, and Irruptions 222

Diffusion Versus Jump Dispersal 228

Barriers, Corridors, Filters, Stepping Stones, and Sweepstakes 233

Recent Introductions and Invasions by Nonnative Species 237

Chapter 9 Evolution, Speciation, and Extinction 251

Evolution and Speciation 251

Some Basic Genetics 252

Historical Development of Evolutionary Theory 256

Isolation and Speciation 260

The Temporal Pattern of Evolution 264

Direction in Evolution 265

Perfection in Evolution 266

Increasing Global Species Diversity 267

Geography and Evolution: Founder Effects, Bottlenecks, Vicariance Events, Adaptive Radiation, and Evolutionary Convergence 268

Extinction 274

The Relationship Between Extinction, Evolution, and Diversity 282

Chapter 10 Realms, Regions, Kingdoms, and Provinces: the Biogeographic Subdivisions of the Earth 289

Defining Biogeographic Realms, Regions, Kingdoms, and Provinces 289

Determining the Boundaries Between Regions 294

Factors Behind the Biogeographic Regions 295

Evolution of the Mammals 296

Evolution of the Flowering Plants 300

The Biogeographic Regions 303

Nearctic and Palearctic Regions- The Holarctic 303

Neotropical Region 305

Ethiopian (African/Paleotropical) Region 306

Oriental Region 307

Australian Region 308

Marine Biogeographic Regions 308