Electrical Power System Essentials - Lou van der Sluis

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Résumé :

A highly accessible resource covering the basics of the design and operation of electrical power systems with minimal technical background required

Electrical Power System Essentials delivers a thorough introduction to the electrical power system and its functioning, and the changes that come with the worldwide energy transition process. This revised and updated Third Edition includes new material on HVDC developments, electricity markets, capacity calculation (NTC and flow-based), power system protection, and energy storage. Discussions on how renewable sources play a more dominant role in the generation of electrical energy and the effects they have on the control and operation of the grid and electricity markets are also included.

Written in the accessible style that has made previous editions so popular with readers, this book restricts math content to the Appendix in order to maintain an easy reading experience of the main text while still providing complete coverage. A companion website includes downloadable teaching materials, and accessory videos are viewable on the Wiley website (www.wiley.com/go/powersystem3e) and YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvaU1SY38TUV8JTwkf1taN-w_bQbCD0Ad).

Topics discussed in the book include:

• Generation of electric energy, covering nuclear fission, wind energy and wind turbine concepts, hydropower and pumped storage, and solar power
• Electricity markets, covering gas scarcity, its influence on the marginal price of electricity, and negative energy prices
• Future power systems, covering higher harmonics, increased use of cables instead of overhead transmission lines, distributed generation and power-electronic interfaces
• Transmission of electric energy, covering DC circuit breakers, wide area measurement systems, and distribution networks

Electrical Power System Essentials is a perfect textbook for second- and third-year undergraduate electrical engineering students who need an accessible course text introducing concepts in power system engineering. The text is also valuable for other students and professionals who require an up-to-date reference on power systems technology....

Biographie:

Preface xi

List of Abbreviations xvii

List of Symbols xix

About the Companion Websitexxi

1 Introduction to Power System Analysis 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Scope of the Material 1

1.3 General Characteristics of Power Systems 4

1.3.1 AC Versus DC Systems 4

1.3.1.1 Shape of the Alternating Voltage 5

1.3.1.2 Sinusoidal Alternating Voltage 6

1.3.2 50 and 60 Hz Frequency 7

1.3.3 Balanced Three-phase Systems 9

1.3.3.1 Power Considerations 10

1.3.3.2 Rotating Magnetic Field 12

1.3.4 Voltage Levels 15

1.3.4.1 Line-to-line and Line-to-neutral Voltages 16

1.4 Phasors 17

1.4.1 Network Elements in the Phasor Domain 19

1.4.2 Calculations in the Phasor Domain 21

1.5 Equivalent Line-to-neutral Diagrams 24

1.6 Power in Single-phase Circuits 26

1.6.1 Active and Reactive Power 26

1.6.2 Complex Power 29

1.6.3 Power Factor 33

1.7 Power in Three-phase Circuits 34

1.8 Per-unit Normalization 35

1.9 Power System Structure 39

Problems 40

References 42

2 Generation of Electric Energy 43

2.1 Introduction 43

2.2 Thermal Power Plants 44

2.2.1 The Principles of Thermodynamics 45

2.3 Nuclear Power Plants 49

2.3.1 Nuclear Fission 50

2.3.2 Nuclear Fusion 52

2.4 Renewable Energy 53

2.4.1 Wind Energy and Wind Turbine Concepts 53

2.4.2 Hydropower and Pumped Storage 56

2.4.3 Solar Power 58

2.4.4 Geothermal Power 61

2.5 The Synchronous Machine 63

Problems 70

References 71

3 The Transmission of Electric Energy 73

3.1 Introduction 73

3.2 Transmission and Distribution Network 74

3.3 Network Structures 76

3.4 Substations 78

3.5 Substation Concepts 80

3.5.1 Single Bus System 81

3.5.2 Double Bus System 81

3.5.3 Polygon Bus System 82

3.5.4 One-and-a-half Circuit Breaker Concept 82

3.6 Protection of Transmission and Distribution Networks 83

3.6.1 Protective Relay Operating Principles 84

3.6.2 Fuses 88

3.6.3 Circuit Breakers 89

3.6.4 The Switching Arc 91

3.6.5 Oil Circuit Breakers 92

3.6.6 Air-blast Circuit Breakers 93

3.6.7 SF 6 Circuit Breakers 93

3.6.8 Vacuum Circuit Breakers 94

3.6.9 dc Circuit Breakers 96

3.6.9.1 Active commutation 97

3.6.9.2 Passive commutation 97

3.6.9.3 Hybrid technology 97

3.7 Surge Arresters 98

3.8 Transformers 99

3.8.1 Phase Shifts in Three-phase Transformers 103

3.8.2 The Magnetizing Current 106

3.8.3 Transformer Inrush Current 108

3.8.4 Open-circuit and Short-circuit Tests 109

3.9 Power Carriers 110

3.9.1 Overhead Transmission Lines 112

3.9.1.1 Insulators 112

3.9.1.2 Bundled conductors 113

3.9.1.3 Galloping lines 118

3.9.1.4 Ground Wires or Shield Wires 120

3.9.1.5 Transposition 122

3.9.2 Underground Cables 123

3.9.2.1 Plastic insulation 126

3.9.2.2 Paper-oil insulation 126

3.9.3 Gas-insulated Transmission Lines 130

3.10 SF 6 Alternatives 130

3.11 High-voltage Direct Current Transmission 131

3.11.1 From AC to dc 134

Problems 138

References 139

4 The Utilization of Electric Energy 141

4.1 Introduction 141

4.2 Types of Load 142

4.2.1 Mechanical Energy 143

4.2.1.1 Synchronous Motors 144

4.2.1.2 Induction Motors 145

4.2.2 Light 148

4.2.3 Heat 149

4.2.4 dc Electrical Energy 149

4.2.5 Chemical Energy 152

4.3 Classification of Grid Users 1...

Sommaire:

Pieter Schavemaker, Managing Director of E-Bridge Consulting B.V., has worked in the energy sector for more than 25 years. Pieter has a varied experience as assistant professor at the Delft University of Technology, with a large manufacturer of power system equipment (ABB), with a Transmission System Operator (Tennet TSO), and as a consultant.

Lou van der Sluis worked as researcher and test engineer at KEMA's High-Power and High-Voltage Laboratories. From 1992 until his retirement in 2015 he held the chair of full-time Professor in Electrical Power Systems in the Electrical Sustainable Energy department of the Delft University of Technology. Prof. van der Sluis is a life-senior member of IEEE....