Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Reactions - Liu, Zhimin

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Résumé :

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv

1 Background and Overview 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Ionic Liquids 2
1.3 Structure of This Book 15

2 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals Under Metal-free Conditions 23
2.1 Synthesis of Organic Carbonates 25
2.2 Synthesis of N-containing Heterocycles 49
2.3 Reductive Transformation of CO2 60
2.4 Synthesis of Other Compounds 67
2.5 Remarks and Perspectives 70

3 Ionic Liquid-Mediated Reductive Transformation of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen 79
3.1 Direct Hydrogenation of CO2 80
3.2 N-formylation or N-methylation Reaction of Amines with CO2/H2 89
3.3 Hydroformylation of Olefin with CO2/H2 94
3.4 Hydromethylamination of Olefin with CO2/H2 and Amines 97
3.5 Carbonylation of Alcohol/Ethers with CO2/H2 99
3.6 Remarks and Perspectives 102

4 Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide in Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes 105
4.1 Fundamentals of CO2 Electroreduction 107
4.2 IL-based Electrolytes for CO2 Electroreduction 109
4.3 Electroreduction of CO2 to Various Chemicals in IL-based Electrolytes 121
4.4 Electrotransformation of CO2 into Value-added Chemicals 140
4.5 Remarks and Perspectives 147

5 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Chemical Transformation of Lignocellulose 157
5.1 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transformation of Cellulose and Its Derivatives 159
5.2 Ionic Liquid-catalyzed Transformation of Hemicellulose and Xylose to Furfural 170
5.3 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transformation of Lignin and Its Platforms 172
5.4 Remarks and Perspectives 184

6 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions 189
6.1 Oxidation of Alcohols/Aldehydes 190
6.2 Oxidation of Organic Sulfides and Oxidative Desulfurization 199
6.3 Oxidative Cyclization of Olefins and Allylic Alcohols 213
6.4 Oxidation of Amines 218
6.5 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation 221
6.6 Oxidation of Other Compounds 224
6.7 Remarks and Perspectives 225

7 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Water-Involved Reactions 229
7.1 Dehydrative Esterification 229
7.2 Dehydrative Etherification of Alcohols 237
7.3 Dehydration Alkenylation 243
7.4 Dehydrative Amidation 244
7.5 Ionic Liquid-catalyzed Hydration Reaction 249
7.6 Hydrolysis of Esters/Ethers 260
7.7 Remarks and Perspectives 264

8 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Other Organic Reactions 269
8.1 Alkylation Reaction 269
8.2 Michael Addition Reaction 274
8.3 Diels-Alder Reactions 281
8.4 Markovnikov Addition 284
8.5 Knoevenagel Condensation 290
8.6 Aldol Condensation Reaction 295
8.7 Ring-Closing C??O/C??O and C??O/O??H Bond Metathesis 298
8.8 Remarks and Perspectives 303

9 Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Recycling of Spent Polymers 309
9.1 Degradation of Polyesters 310
9.2 Degradation of Polyamides 347
9.3 Upcycling of Polyolefins 348
9.4 Co-upcycling of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyester 350
9.5 Remarks and Perspectives 351

References 351
Index 357