Urban Geography - David Kaplan

. .

Résumé :

Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of Urban Geography

The leading undergraduate textbook on the subject, Urban Geography covers the origins, historical development, and contemporary challenges of cities and metropolitan areas around the world. Incorporating the most recent research in urban studies, authors David H. Kaplan and Steven R. Holloway provide an overview of the dynamic field, introduce key elements of urban theory and methodology, analyze issues of immigration, ethnicity, and urbanism, and more.

Exploring the urban experience in a global context, 16 student-friendly chapters address urbanization processes, industrial urbanization, discrimination in the housing market, gentrification, metropolitan governance, urban planning, geographical and political fragmentation, urban immigration, urban-economic restructuring, and more. Each chapter includes an introductory road map, learning objectives, definitions of key terms, discussion questions, and suggestions for research topics and activities.

The fourth edition of Urban Geography contains two entirely new chapters on urban transportation and the relationship between cities and the environment, including climate change and natural disasters. New discussion of the impact of COVID-19 and other health aspects of cities is accompanied by new data, new figures, new themes, and new pedagogical tools. In this edition, the authors present traditional models of urban social space and new factors that organize intra-urban space, such as globalization and postmodernism.

Examining cities in the developed world and in less developed regions, Urban Geography, Fourth Edition, is the ideal textbook for Urban Geography classes and related courses in Urban Studies, Sociology, and Political Science programs....

Biographie:

Preface xiii

1 An Introduction to the Changing Field of Urban Geography 1

Why We Study Cities 1

How We Study Cities 4

The Field of Urban Geography 5

Box 1.1 Bright Lights, Big Cities 6

The Origin and Evolution of Urban Geography 8

Approaches to Urban Geographic Research 9

Streams of Urban Geographic Research 10

Spatial Analysis 10

Marxist Urban Geography and Urban Political Economy 13

Critical Social Theory in Urban Geography 13

Feminist Urban Geography 14

Postmodern Urban Geography 14

Nature and Urban Geography 15

Race 15

Defining Cities 16

Rural-Urban Continuum 16

What Is the Spatial Extent of Cities? 17

Box 1.2 Micropolitan Areas 19

Introduction to This Textbook 21

Wrapping Up 21

Readings 22

2 the Origins and Development of Cities 23

What Are Cities? 23

Preconditions to Urban Formation 25

Box 2.1 Cities without Agriculture? 25

Ecology, Technology, and Power 26

Theories of Urban Origins 27

Patterns of Early Urbanization 30

Locations of Early Cities 30

Diffusion of Urbanization 30

Box 2.2 Uncovering Lost Cities 32

Urban Evolution and Early Economic Imperatives: Traditional Cities 33

The Early City- States: Sumeria 33

Other Ancient Cities 36

Imperial Cities 39

Box 2.3 The Collective Alternative 39

Cities as Engines of Economic Growth: Capitalism, Industrialism, and Urbanization 43

Box 2.4 Death of a City 44

The New Trading Cities 44

Box 2.5 The First Ghettos 50

Industrial Cities 51

Box 2.6 Designing Spaces: Bastide Cities and the Grand Manner 52

Wrapping Up 57

Readings 57

3 the Evolution of the American Urban System: Origins Through Industrialization 59

Urban Systems and Urban Hierarchies 59

Rank- Size Rule and Primate Cities 61

Mercantilism and the Development of the Colonial Urban System 63

Box 3.1 America's Anti- Urban Bias 67

Box 3.2 Central Place Theory 70

Economic Eras of North American Urbanization 70

Economic Eras, Transportation Networks, and the Evolution of the US Urban System 72

Frontier Mercantilism (1790-1830s) 74

Box 3.3 The Erie Canal 76

Early Industrial Capitalism and Iron Rails (1830s-1880s) 77

National Industrial Capitalism and Steel Rails (1880s-1920s) 82

Wrapping Up 87

Readings 88

4 Economic Eras and the Urban System: Industrialization, Decline, and Globalization 89

1920s-1970s: Mature Industrial Capitalism 89

Automobiles 89

Box 4.1 The Interstate Highway System 92

The Great Depression 93

Airplanes 94

1970s-Present: Post- Industrial Neoliberal Capitalism 96

An Urban System in Crisis 96

Rise of the Service and Information Economies 101

High Technology and the Creative Economy 103

Globalization and the Global Urban System 104

Capitalism, Power, and World Cities 105

The World City Hierarchy 107

The Global City 110

A Network of World Cities: Global Interconnections 111

The Tourist World City 111

Telecommunications, Interconnectivity, and World Cities 112

Dispersal or Concentration? 113

Telecommunications and Financial Markets 114

Telecommunications and Urban Society 114

Internet Connectivity and Cloud Data Infrastructure 115

Box 4.2 The Gravity Model in Local and Regional and Global Context 116

Wrapping Up 118

Readings 119

5 Urban Land Use, the Central Business District, Gentrification, And the Growth of...