Fundamentals of Process Control - Patrick F. Bouwman

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Auteur(s) : Patrick F. Bouwman

Editeur : Instrument Society Of America

Langue : Anglais

Parution : 31/12/2022

Expédition : 1140

ISBN : 9781643311395

Résumé :

Fundamentals of Process Control: Principles and Concepts offers an introduction to how engineers and technicians ensure that industrial processes, such as heating, mixing or pumping, are safe and efficient. It covers core concepts, including what a process is, how feedback control loops work and why measurements, valves and controllers matter.

This book also provides practical tools, including proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuning, cascade and ratio control and statistical methods for measuring and reducing variability. Later chapters introduce modeling and simulation, along with more advanced topics such as adaptive and fuzzy logic control, all grounded in clear examples and step-by-step explanations. Designed for learners and practitioners, this book strikes a balance between real-world applications and the key math and science necessary to understand and design control systems.

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Biographie:

Patrick F. Bouwman is a semiretired electrical engineer with over 40 years of industrial experience, including 18 years in the design and development of military electronics, instrumentation, and biomedical equipment. For more than 15 years, Bouwman operated his own company specializing in research, design, and development of data acquisition and signal processing systems for medical research applications and the instrumentation and process industry. He has provided design and consulting services to the process and automation industry and participated in research conducted at McGill University by custom designing data acquisition equipment and instrumentation for medical research applications.
In addition, Bouwman taught industrial electronics at the collegiate level for over 20 years and was department chair for 16 years, a role in which he was actively involved in all facets of curriculum development, laboratory design, industrial training, and continuing education. He has written numerous instructional and lab manuals on topics including analog and digital electronics, signal processing, discrete automation, instrumentation, process control, PLC programming, ISA-5.1 technical documentation, robotics, computer automation, distributed automation, and medical and military electronics.
He has also provided technical training and instructional material to the Canadian Armed Forces...

Sommaire:

Preface xvii
About the Author xxi

Section 1 Principles and Concepts 1

Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 3
1.1 History 4
1.2 What Is Process Control? 4
1.3 Process Intend 6
1.4 Why Study Process Control? 8
1.5 Control Strategies 9
1.6 Process Design 10
1.7 Conservation of Mass and Energy 10
1.8 Concepts of Calculus 11
1.9 Process Documentation 15
1.10 Units 17
1.11 Process Variables 18
1.12 Summary 31

Chapter 2 Basic Control Concepts 33
2.1 Process and Process Control 33
2.2 The Process 35
2.3 The Control Loop Concept 37
2.4 Summary 40
2.5 Exercises 40

Chapter 3 The Control Loop 43
3.1 A Typical Feedback Control Loop 43
3.2 The Three Tasks 44
3.3 Process Instruments 46
3.4 Elements of a Closed-Loop System 49
3.5 Process Control Terms 50
3.6 Combining Functions in a Single Instrument 54
3.7 Summary 54
3.8 Exercise 55

Chapter 4 Functional Structure of Feedback Control 57
4.1 The Transfer Function 57
4.2 Block Diagrams 58
4.3 The Functional Layout of a Feedback Control Loop 61
4.4 Mathematics of Block Diagrams 62
4.5 Gain and Sensitivity 63
4.6 Process Gain 72
4.7 Summary 73
4.8 Exercises 74

Chapter 5 Dynamics of Systems 75
5.1 Dynamic Components 76
5.2 First-Order Lag 77
5.3 Time Constants 79
5.4 Elements of Systems 83
5.5 Dead Time 88
5.6 First-Order plus Dead Time 91
5.7 Higher Order Systems 92
5.8 Closed-Loop versus Open-Loop Response 94
5.9 Sensor Dynamics 97
5.10 Actuator Dynamics 99
5.11 Process Gain and Time Constant 101
5.12 Summary 109
5.13 Exercises 110

Chapter 6 Process Characteristics 113
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 The Integral or Ramp Process 116
6.3 First-Order Lag Process 123
6.4 Second-Order Lag Process 134
6.5 Summary 140

Chapter 7 Sensors, Transducers, and Transmitters 141
7.1 The Sensor, Transducer, and Transmitter 141
7.2 Selection of Measuring Devices 143
7.3 Accuracy and Precision 144
7.4 Sensitivity, Resolution, Repeatability, and Reproducibility 150
7.5 Rangeability and Turndown Ratio 152
7.6 Measurement Uncertainty Analysis 152
7.7 Transmission Systems 153
7.8 The 4 to 20 mA Current Loop 157
7.9 Smart Sensors 159
7.10 Summary 159
7.11 Exercises 160

Chapter 8 Actuators and Final Control Elements 161
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 Control Valves and Actuators 162
8.3 Control Valve Selection and Sizing 171
8.4 Motors 173
8.5 Pumps 182
8.6 Solenoids 186
8.7 Summary 188
8.8 Exercises 188

Chapter 9 Controllers 191
9.1 The PID Controller 191
9.2 On-Off Control 194
9.3 Proportional Control 198
9.4 Integral (Reset) Control 209
9.5 Differential (Rate) Control 214
9.6 PID Control 217
9.7 Summary 220
9.8 Exercises 222

Chapter 10 Tuning Control Loops 225
10.1 Know Your Controller 226
10.2 Criteria of Good Control 228
10.3 The Tuning Concept 229
10.4 Closed-Loop Tuning Methods 231
10.5 The Process Reaction Curve 234
10.6 A Simple Open-Loop Method (Ziegler-Nichols) 236
10.7 The Need to Retune and Adaptive Tuning 239
10.8 Summary 240
10.9 Exercises 240

Section 2 Control Strategies 241

Chapter 11 Cascade Control 243
11.1 The Concept of Cascade Control 243
11.2 Applications 246
11.3 Implementing Cascade Control 250
11.4 Selection of Cascade Controller Modes and Tuning 251
11.5 Summary 252
11.6 Exercises 253

Chapter 12 Feedforward Control 255
12.1 Feedforward Contro...