Memory Impairment and Occupation - O'Brien, Jonathon

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Résumé :
MEMORY IMPAIRMENT AND OCCUPATION

Apply the latest evidence-based knowledge of human memory in your occupational therapy practice.

Memory is among the core components of the human experience. We draw continuously on memory in our everyday lives, facilitating our daily routines and building on our past experiences to improve our future occupational performance.

Memory loss impairs human occupation in myriad ways. Memory Impairment and Occupation: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment is a practical, evidence-based guide that is essential reading for occupational therapists, providing ways forward for those working with memory impaired individuals. There are chapters on concepts of memory, memory development throughout the lifespan, amnesia in traumatic brain injury, dementia and post-traumatic stress disorders, memory impairments in children and adolescents, adults with acquired brain injury, and older people. The book draws on the latest evidence from cognitive neuroscience, while maintaining a consistent focus on the distinct theoretical contributions of occupational therapy and occupational science.

Memory Impairment and Occupation: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment readers will also find:

• Points for discussion, case studies, activities and simulation activities that can be used in personal study, in-service training, or university tutorials and seminars
• Lucid outlines of relevant neuroanatomy
• An innovative 'memory checklist' that can be used as part of task analysis when working with people with memory impairments

Memory Impairment and Occupation: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment is ideal for occupational therapy clinicians and students concerned with the assessment and treatment of people with memory impairments. It will also be of interest to physicians, psychologists, speech and language therapists, and all those working with this population....

Biographie:

Jonathon O'Brien, SROT, PhD, is a lecturer in occupational therapy at the University of Liverpool, UK. Prior to this, he was employed by the National Health Service for fifteen years, working as an occupational therapy team leader in stroke and complex rehabilitation for several years. He maintains an honorary contract to work in the National Health Service and has also been a member of the editorial board of the British Journal of Occupational Therapy....

Sommaire:

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xiii

1 Concepts of Memory 1

Defining Learning and Memory 1

Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Learning and Memory 2

Long-Term Potentiation 4

Occupation and Neural Plasticity 5

Historical Theories of Memory 6

Associationism and Occupation 6

Schema Theory 6

Information Processing Approaches 8

Levels of Memory Processing 11

The Case of Henry Molaison 13

Taxonomies of Memory 17

Tulving's Hierarchy of Procedural, Semantic and Episodic Memory 18

The Relationship Between Episodic and Semantic Memory 20

Vulnerability of Episodic Memory 21

Episodic Memory and Human Occupation 22

Working Memory 22

The Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of Working Memory 22

The Multicomponent Model of Working Memory 24

Prospective Memory 27

Towards a Culturally Situated Understanding of Memory 34

Conclusion 35

Points for Discussion 36

Activities 36

References 37

2 Memory and Occupation Across the Lifespan 43

Memory in Infancy 44

Implicit Memory in Infancy 46

Ecological Model of Infant Memory: The Task of Crawling and the Development of Memory 46

Autobiographical Memory in Infants 48

Infantile Amnesia 48

Episodic Memory in Children 54

Source Memory and Infantile Amnesia 55

Working Memory from Ages 5 to 1256 Development of Declarative and Procedural Memory 60

Environmental Factors Affecting Declarative Memory 64

Memory in Adolescence 65

Development of the Neocortex and Hippocampus 65

Development of Prospective Memory in Adolescence 66

The Use of Memory Strategies 66

The Growth of 'Metamemory' 68

Declarative Metamemory 68

Procedural Metamemory 69

Memory in the Ageing Person69

The Centrality of Occupation 69

Working Memory in Alzheimer's Type Dementia 69

Selective Impairment of Divided Attention: Implications for Occupational Performance 71

Cognitive Decline with Age in Pre-industrial and Industrial Societies 73

Changes in Prospective Memory: Implications for Occupational Performance 74

Evidence from the 'Enriched Environments' Paradigm 76

The Socio-economic Gradient in Dementia 77

Conclusion 83

Points for Discussion 83

Activities 84

References 84

3 Memory Impairments 89

Amnesia 90

Post-traumatic Amnesia 91

Retrograde Amnesia 92

Temporal Gradient in Retrograde Amnesia 92

Explaining Retrograde Amnesia 94

Anterograde Amnesia 97

Explaining Anterograde Amnesia 97

Key Characteristics of Amnesia 98

Alzheimer's Type Dementia 99

Prevalence 99

Aetiology 99

Treatment 102

Memory in Alzheimer's Type Dementia 103

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 111

'Dual Representation' Approach to Memory in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 111

Conclusion 113

Points for Discussion 114

Case Study Vignette 114

Activities 114

Activity 1 114

Activity 2 115

Activity 3 115

References115

4 Occupational Therapy Assessment, Goal Setting and Action Planning with the Person with Memory Impairment 119

Assessment of Memory Impairment and the Philosophy of Occupational Therapy 120

Conceptual Practice Models 121

Model of Human Occupation 121

Ecological Systems Model 122

Person-Environment-Occupation Model 123

Canadian Model of Occupational Performance 124

Kawa Model 124

Functional Information Processing Model 25

Allen's Cognitive Levels 125

F...