JAMES VICARY -

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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. James McDonald Vicary (April 30, 1915 - November 7, 1977) was a market researcher best known for pioneering the notion of subliminal advertising in 1957. Born in Detroit, and trained at the University of Michigan (A.B 1940), he pioneered the use of eye-blink analysis to obtain clues about subjects' levels of emotional tension when exposed to various stimuli. He also studied the phenomena of impulse buying and word association. He is most famous for having perpetrated a fraudulent subliminal advertising study in 1957. In it, he claimed that an experiment in which moviegoers were repeatedly shown 0.03-second advertisements for Coca-Cola and popcorn significantly increased product sales. Based on his claims the CIA produced a report The operational potential of subliminal perception in 1958 that led to subliminal cuts being banned in the US[dubious - discuss]. It suggested that Certain individuals can at certain times and under certain circumstances be influenced to act abnormally without awareness of the influence. When challenged later to replicate the study, he failed to find significant results....