Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology - Phillip Gardiner

. .

Résumé :
Chapter 1. Muscle Fibers, Motor Units, and Motoneurons
Muscle Heterogeneity
Orderly Motor Unit Recruitment
Smaller Motoneurons Are More Excitable
Membrane Resistivity and Motoneuron Size
Other Factors Determining Action Potential Generation
Minimal Firing Rates and Afterhyperpolarization Durations
Motoneuron Current–...

Biographie:
Phillip F. Gardiner, PhD, is a professor emeritus of kinesiology and recreation management at the University of Manitoba, with a cross-appointment in the department of physiology and pathophysiology in the Rady Faculty of Health Sciences. He served as director of the Spinal Cord Research Centre at the University of Manitoba from 2015 to 2020 and prior to that was the director of the Health, Leisure, &...

Sommaire:
Frequency Relationship and Excitability
Spike Frequency Adaptation
Motoneuron Persistent Inward Currents (PICs)
Summary

Chapter 2. Motor Unit Recruitment During Different Types of Movements
Measuring Human Motor Unit Recruitment
Influence of Task
Synergists
Influence of Pain on Motor Unit Recruitment
Slow-Ramp Isometric Contractions
Maintained Isometric Contractions
Isometric Contractions in Various Directions
Isometric Contractions Versus Movements
Ballistic Contractions
Lengthening Contractions
Cocontraction of Agonists and Antagonists
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Contractions
Maximal Voluntary Contractions
Muscle Histochemistry to Investigate Rhythmic Complex Contractions
Summary

Chapter 3. Muscle Blood Flow and Metabolism
Muscle Blood Flow
Muscle Metabolism
Summary

Chapter 4. Peripheral Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue
Fatigue as Interference With the Contractile Machinery
Failure of Impulse Propagation Along the Muscle Fiber Membrane
Peripheral Fatigue Sites Other Than Muscle Membrane and Contractile Machinery
Research From Animal Experiments
Summary

Chapter 5. Central Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue
Motoneuron Activity During Sustained Contractions
Isometric Versus Anisometric Tasks
Rotation of Motor Units?
Summary

Chapter 6. Muscular Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training
Chronic Muscle Stimulation
Coordination of Muscle Protein Systems
Pretranslational Control
Translational Control
Posttranslational Modifications
Mitochondrial Responses
Simultaneous Expression of Isoforms
Adaptations Can Occur Ex Vivo
Adaptations Appear in a Specific Sequence
Thresholds of Activity for Adaptation
Chronic Stimulation and Atrophy
Metabolic Signals and the Adaptive Response
Degenerative and Regenerative Processes
Summary

Chapter 7. Neural Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training
Adaptation of the Neuromuscular Junction
Responses of Motoneurons
Adaptations of Spinal Cord Circuits
Summary

Chapter 8. Muscle Molecular Mechanisms in Strength Training
Acute Responses in Protein Synthesis and Degradation
Connective Tissue Responses
Role of Muscle Damage
Role of Dietary Supplements
Summary

Chapter 9. Muscle Property Changes in Strength Training
Increased Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area
Fiber Type Composition
Muscle Fiber Number
Muscle Composition
Muscle Architecture
Muscle Fiber Ultrastructure
Tendons
Evoked Isometric Contractile Properties
Changes in Muscle Force, Velocity, and Power
Fatigue Resistance
Role of Eccentric Contractions
Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training
Summary

Chapter 10. Neural Mechanisms in Strength Training
Gains in Strength Versus Muscle Girth
Strength Gains Show Task Specificity
Surface EMG Response During MVC
Imaginary Strength Training
Reflex Adaptations
Cross Education
Decreased Activation of Antagonists
Changes in Motor Unit Recruitment
Changes in Motor Cortex
Summary

Chapter 11. Clinical Considerations Concerning Neuromuscular Exercise and Training
Effects of Exercise on Neuromuscular Aging
Effects of Exercise Training in Stroke Patients
Physical Activity and Fibromyalgia
Exercise and Dementia
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Summary...