Basic Electrochemistry for Biotechnology - Harnisch, Falk

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Résumé :
A Readers' Guide to 'Basic Electrochemistry for Biotechnology '
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Biographie:

List of Figures ix

List of Boxes xxi

Preface xxiii

1 A Reader's Guide to Basic Electrochemistry for Biotechnology 1

2 A Basic Introduction to Microbial Electrochemical Technologies 3

2.1 Introduction to Microbial Energy Conversion and Microbial Electrochemical Technologies 3

2.1.1 Microbial Conversions 3

2.1.2 Microbial Fuel Cells and Microbial Electrolysis Cells 5

2.2 Electroactive Microorganisms and Mechanisms of Extracellular Electron Transfer 7

2.2.1 Extracellular Electron Transfer Mechanisms: The Role Models of Electroactive Microorganisms 7

2.2.2 A Snapshot on Electroactive Microorganisms 8

2.3 Energetics: The Redox Tower and a Water Analogy 9

2.4 Wastewater Characteristics 13

2.4.1 Physical Wastewater Characteristics 14

2.4.2 Chemical Wastewater Characteristics 14

2.4.3 Organic Constituents in Wastewater 15

2.4.4 Biological Wastewater Characteristics 16

2.5 Microbial Electrochemical Technologies: Systems and Design 17

2.5.1 Main Components and Design 17

2.5.2 Operational Modes 18

2.5.3 Electrodes and Current Collectors 19

2.5.4 Ionic Charge Transport and Membranes 21

2.5.5 Lab Measurements and Criteria for Normalization 22

2.6 Short Alert on Terminology 23

Questions 24

References 25

3 Electrochemical Potential, Electrode Potential, and the Need for Reference Electrodes 27

3.1 Introduction to Electrochemical Potentials 27

3.1.1 A Physical-Chemical Approach Toward Electrochemical Potentials 28

3.2 Electrodes and Electrode Reactions 36

3.2.1 Definition of Electrodes and Electrochemical Half-Cells 36

3.2.2 Scientific Notation of Electrochemical Cells 37

3.2.3 Types of Electrodes 38

3.3 The Relative Electrode Potential and the Need for Reference Electrodes 40

3.3.1 Point of Reference for Electrode Potentials 42

3.3.2 Reference Electrodes Explained via the Water Analogy 45

Questions 46

References 47

4 Reaction Equations and Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Reactions 49

4.1 Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction Reactions and Thermodynamic Limits 49

4.2 How to Write and Balance Reaction Equations of (Bio)electrochemical Reactions 50

4.2.1 Reaction Equations for the Hydrogen Fuel Cell 51

4.2.2 Reaction Equations for a Microbial Electrolysis Cell 53

4.3 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Conversions 57

4.3.1 Calculations Assuming Standard Conditions 57

4.3.2 The Effect of Actual Concentrations on Gibbs Free Energy Change 62

4.3.3 The Effect of Temperature on Gibbs Free Energy Change 65

Questions 68

References 68

5 Static Electrochemical Methods 69

5.1 Introduction to Static Electrochemical Methods 69

5.2 What Is a Three-Electrode Arrangement, a Potentiostat or Power Supply, and for What Are They Needed? 70

5.3 The Electrochemical Double Layer and Capacitive Current 74

5.4 Potentiometry, Amperometry, Coulometry, and Constant Current Measurements 78

5.5 Chronoamperometry 82

Questions 87

References 88

6 Electrochemical Kinetics 89

6.1 Introduction to Electrochemical Kinetics 89

6.2 Basics of Electrochemical Kinetics 90

6.3 Electrochemical Reversibility 91

6.4 Overpotentials 94

6.5 The Overpotential Due to Mass Transfer 98

6.6 Potential-Current Plots and Electrode Kinetics 101

6.7 The Butler-Volmer Equation 103

6.8 Tafel Equation and Tafel Plots 106

6.9 Electrocatalysis 108

Questions 113

References 114

7 Dynamic El...