The Ethics -

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Résumé :
Baruch Spinoza composed a philosophical work titled The Ethics in Latin. The book is a comprehensive attempt to use Euclid's technique in philosophy. The link between God and the cosmos is discussed in the first section of the book. Additionally, he contends that the cosmos is what it is due to necessity rather than divine will or a religious explanation. According to this perspective, rather than being God's creation, the cosmos is made of God. The human mind and how we come to understand our ideas, as well as those of other bodies, are the main topics of the second section. According to Spinoza, we cannot know our minds any more intimately than we know our bodies. Spinoza contends that all things, including people, try to maintain their perfection of power in being unaffected in the third section of his Ethics. According to Spinoza, power and virtue are equivalent. The fourth section examines human emotions, which, according to Spinoza, are mental faculties that lead us to seek out and avoid pleasure and misery. The fifth section makes the case that reason can control the effects of the pursuit of virtue, which for Spinoza is self-preservation. Only with reason's help can people tell which passions are beneficial to virtue from those that are ultimately destructive....

Biographie:
Aristotle (384 - 322 bce) Born in Stagira, in Greece, in 384 bce, Aristotle was a Classical Greek philosopher who wrote on multiple subjects, including and not limited to psychology, politics, ethics, economics, biology, music, theatre, government, and logic. Once in a hierarchy of famous philosophers, he was Plato's student, who was in turn a student of Socrates. Aristotle turned out to be one of the finest scholars of his time and his thoughts and treatises have had a profound effect on scholars ever since. His influence led him to be enlisted by the then king of Macedonia, Philip II, to tutor his son, Alexander, who would go on to become one of the greatest kings and conquerors of all time. Although not all of Aristotle's philosophies and doctrines have survived criticism down the centuries, it must be said that he was a trailblazer in his own right. A polymath who could hold a conversation or debate on any topic, Aristotle's influence is such that his ways of thinking are still implemented in one form or the other to this day. He has been depicted in multiple artworks across the millennia, and is without a doubt one of the cornerstones of philosophy as a discipline....

Sommaire:
Aristotle (384 - 322 bce) Born in Stagira, in Greece, in 384 bce, Aristotle was a Classical Greek philosopher who wrote on multiple subjects, including and not limited to psychology, politics, ethics, economics, biology, music, theatre, government, and logic. Once in a hierarchy of famous philosophers, he was Plato's student, who was in turn a student of Socrates. Aristotle turned out to be one of the finest scholars of his time and his thoughts and treatises have had a profound effect on scholars ever since. His influence led him to be enlisted by the then king of Macedonia, Philip II, to tutor his son, Alexander, who would go on to become one of the greatest kings and conquerors of all time. Although not all of Aristotle's philosophies and doctrines have survived criticism down the centuries, it must be said that he was a trailblazer in his own right. A polymath who could hold a conversation or debate on any topic, Aristotle's influence is such that his ways of thinking are still implemented in one form or the other to this day. He has been depicted in multiple artworks across the millennia, and is without a doubt one of the cornerstones of philosophy as a discipline....