Enchiridion -

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Résumé :
A HANDBOOK FOR LIFE

The Enchiridion, or Handbook of Epictetus, is a short manual of Stoic ethical advice which was compiled by Arrian, who was a 2nd-century disciple of the Greek philosopher Epictetus.

Epictetus lived in ancient Greece from 55 to 135 AD. Born into slavery, he endured a permanent physical disability. While enslaved, he studied Stoic philosophy. After attaining his freedom, Epictetus remained a fervent believer of Stoic thought and spent his entire career teaching philosophy and advising a daily regimen of self-examination. He encouraged his students to acknowledge good and evil only in the things they had control over, and not in the circumstances that cannot be controlled by any human being. His pupil Arrian, collected his teacher's philosophical insights and advice and turned them into this popular guide of Stoic wisdom - an instruction manual for a tranquil life.

The Enchiridion begins with the statement that Of things, some depend upon ourselves, others do not depend upon ourselves.Thus, Epictetus makes a distinction between our own internal world and the external world beyond our control. Arrian focused his attention on Epictetus's work applying philosophy in daily life.

The word encheiridion is an adjective meaning in the hand and when coupled with the word book, means a handy book or hand-book. In the Discourses, Epictetus often speaks of principles which his pupils should have ready to hand. Thus, the book is a manual to show the way to achieve mental freedom and happiness in all areas of life.

Biographie:
Epictetus (AD 55 - 135) was a Greek speaking Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey), and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in north-western Greece for the rest of his life. His teachings were written down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses. Epictetus taught that philosophy is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline. To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and are thus beyond our control; we should accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately. However, individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.