Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics -

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Résumé :

Comprehensive resource summarizing opportunities and latest progress in design methodologies for carbohydrate-based therapeutics through a disease-oriented approach

Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics covers current progress and explores new frontiers in carbohydrate-based therapeutic applications, utilizing a unique approach by providing a detailed background of diseases coupled with

subsequent carbohydrate-based therapies. The link between chemistry and design of novel carbohydrate-based medicines is highlighted and a broad overview of all the potential applications of carbohydrates is given.

Emphasis is laid on concepts used for carbohydrate drug design, structure- activity relationship, and impact on health and diseases. The text also discusses newer topics like nanoparticles, material science, and tissue generation.

Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics includes information on:

• Antimicrobial carbohydrate-based therapies, covering antibacterial and antiviral vaccines, antifungal therapies, anti-influenza therapeutics, and antiadhesive carbohydrates and glycomimetics
• Anti-cancer carbohydrate-based therapies, covering cancer vaccines and immunotherapy, and carbohydrate tools in cancer biology
• Carbohydrate-based therapies in metabolic, neuronal, and immune disorders, covering carbohydrate-based therapeutics for lysosomal disorders and neurodegenerative diseases
• New frontiers in carbohydrate-based therapies, covering carbohydrates for tissue engineering, antiangiogenic and regenerative medicine

Providing comprehensive coverage of foundational knowledge on the subject in a unique and highly accessible format while also exploring the state of the art in the field's applications, Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics is an essential resource for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and organic chemists, chemists in industry, biochemists, and biotechnologists....

Biographie:
PART I
ANTIMICROBIAL CARBOHYDRATE BASED THERAPIES
Antibacterial Vaccines
Antiviral Vaccines
Antifungal Therapies
Anti Influenza Therapeutics
Antiadhesive Carbohydrates and Glycomimetics
 ...

Sommaire:

Foreword xv

Acknowledgments xvii

1 Antibacterial Carbohydrate Vaccines 1
Federica Compostella, Laura Morelli, and Luigi Lay

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.1 A Brief History of Vaccines 2

1.2 Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines 5

1.2.1 Mechanism of the Immune Response to Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines 12

1.3 Components of Glycoconjugate Vaccines 15

1.3.1 The Carbohydrate Antigen 16

1.3.2 Linkers for Carbohydrate-Protein Conjugation 19

1.3.3 The Carrier Protein 22

1.3.4 The Adjuvant 24

1.4 Technologies Employed for Production of Glycoconjugate Vaccines 25

1.4.1 Traditional Glycoconjugates 26

1.4.2 Glycoconjugates Based on Synthetic Carbohydrate Antigens 28

1.4.2.1 Site-Selective Protein Conjugation 29

1.4.3 Enzymatic and ChemoEnzymatic Approach 30

1.4.4 Bioengineered Glycoconjugates 31

1.4.5 Nanotechnology-Based Glycoconjugate Vaccines 33

1.4.5.1 Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) and Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) 33

1.4.5.2 Gold Nanoparticles, Liposomes, and Virus-Like Particles 34

1.4.6 Nonprotein-Based Glycoconjugates 36

1.4.7 Noncovalent Vaccines 36

1.5 Conclusion 37

Acknowledgments 38

References 39

2 Antifungal Glycoconjugate Vaccines 57
Linda del Bino, Maria R. Romano, and Roberto Adamo

2.1 Human Fungal Infections 57

2.2 Immunity Against Fungal Pathogens 59

2.3 Carbohydrate Antigens in Fungal Cell Wall 60

2.4 Glycoconjugate Vaccines Against Candida albicans/Candida auris 61

2.5 Glycoconjugate Vaccines Against Cryptococcus neoformans 64

2.6 Glycoconjugate Vaccines Against Aspergillus fumigatus 66

2.7 Universal Fungal Polysaccharide Antigens 68

2.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects 68

References 69

3 Carbohydrate-Based Antiviral Vaccines 73
Adri?n Plata and Alberto Fern?ndez-Tejada

3.1 Introduction 73

3.2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 74

3.2.1 Vaccine Constructs Derived from gp120 High-Mannose N-Glycan Cluster 75

3.2.1.1 Surface Oligomannose Cluster-Targeting bnAb: 2G12 Antibody 75

3.2.1.2 Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of 2G12 Epitope Mimics 76

3.2.2 Vaccine Constructs Derived from gp120 First and Second Variable Loops (V1V2) 81

3.2.2.1 V1V2-Targeting bnAbs 81

3.2.2.2 Synthetic V1V2 N-Glycopeptide Antigens as bnAb Epitope Mimics 81

3.2.3 Vaccine Constructs Derived from gp120 Third Variable Loops (V3) 83

3.2.3.1 V3-Targeting bnAbs 83

3.2.3.2 Synthetic Glycoconjugates and N-glycopeptides as V3-Directed bnAb Epitope Mimics 83

3.2.3.3 Synthetic V3 Glycopeptides as bnAb Epitope Mimics 83

3.3 Influenza A Virus 85

3.3.1 Vaccine Constructs Based on Hemagglutinin (HA) 86

3.3.1.1 Hyperglycosylated HA Vaccines 87

3.3.1.2 ?-Gal-Based Vaccine Constructs 87

3.3.2 Vaccine Constructs Based on Neuraminidase (NA) 88

3.3.3 Acetalated Dextran as Adjuvant Carrier 89

3.3.4 Multivalent Constructs as Anti-Influenza Inhibitors 89

3.4 Hepatitis C Virus 90

3.5 Ebola Virus 91

3.5.1 Glycoprotein-Based Vaccines 92

3.5.2 Monoclonal Antibodies and Carbohydrate Antiviral Agents as Therapeutics 92

3.6 SARS-CoV-2 Virus 94

3.6.1 Prospective Vaccine Constructs Based on ?-Gal Epitope 94

3.6.2 RBD-Based Constructs for Vaccine Development 95

3.6.3 Saponins as Carbohydrate-Based Adjuvant Candidates for COVID- 19 Vaccines 95

3.7 Conclusions and Outlook 96

Acknowledgments 96

References 97

4 Bacterial Glycolipid Lipid As and Their Potential as Adj...